Table 3 Diagnostic accuracy of individual neurological tests

Femoral nerve stretch test

*

*

*

*

0.17 (0.07–0.33)

0.99 (0.94–1.00)

14.33 (1.74–117.80)

0.84 (0.72–0.99)

*

*

*

*

Straight leg raise test

*

*

*

*

0.53 (0.36–0.70)

0.47 (0.36–0.57)

1.00 (0.68–1.47)

1.00 (0.64–1.57)

0.63 (0.44–0.78)

0.49 (0.39–0.60)

1.24 (0.87–1.78)

0.75 (0.44–1.28)

Knee reflex

0.67 (0.21–0.94)

0.83 (0.75–0.89)

3.96 (1.61–9.74)

0.40 (0.08–1.99)

0.18 (0.08–0.37)

0.75 (0.63–0.84)

0.73 (0.30–1.79)

1.09 (0.87–1.37)

0.11 (0.04–0.28)

0.80 (0.70–0.87)

0.55 (0.18–1.72)

1.11 (0.94–1.32)

Ankle reflex

0.67 (0.21–0.94)

0.60 (0.51–0.69)

1.67 (0.73–3.84)

0.55 (0.11–2.76)

0.27 (0.14–0.44)

0.55 (0.44–0.65)

0.59 (0.31–1.11)

1.34 (1.00–1.79)

0.44 (0.27–0.639

0.61 (0.50–0.70)

1.13 (0.69–1.85)

0.92 (0.63–1.33)

Sensory loss L4

0.33 (0.06–0.79)

0.88 (0.81–0.93)

2.90 (0.54–15.55)

0.75 (0.34–1.68)

0.20 (0.10–0.37)

0.91 (0.83–0.95)

2.15 (0.81–5.70)

0.88 (0.73–1.07)

0.11 (0.04–0.28)

0.88 (0.79–0.93)

0.90 (0.27–2.99)

1.01 (0.87–1.18)

Sensory loss L5

0.33 (0.06–0.79)

0.73 (0.65–0.81)

1.26 (0.25–6.40)

0.91 (0.40–2.03)

0.43 (0.27–0.61)

0.79 (0.69–0.86)

2.07 (1.16–3.70)

0.72 (0.51–1.00)

0.18 (0.08–0.37)

0.71 (0.61–0.79)

0.63 (0.27–1.49)

1.15 (0.92–1.44)

Sensory loss S1

*

*

*

*

0.33 (0.19–0.51)

0.51 (0.41–0.61)

0.68 (0.39–1.18)

1.30 (0.94–1.81)

0.44 (0.27–0.63)

0.55 (0.45–0.65)

0.99 (0.61–1.60)

1.01 (0.69–1.48)

Hip flexion

*

*

*

*

0.23 (0.12–0.41)

0.93 (0.86–0.97)

3.34 (1.22–9.16)

0.82 (0.67–1.01)

*

*

*

*

Hip extension

0.33 (0.06–0.79)

0.88 (0.81–0.93)

2.90 (0.54–15.55)

0.75 (0.34–1.68)

0.03 (0.01–0.17)

0.85 (0.76–0.91)

0.22 (0.03–1.61)

1.14 (1.02–1.27)

0.18 (0.08–0.37)

0.90 (0.82–0.94)

1.83 (0.67–5.00)

0.91 (0.75–1.10)

Hip abduction

*

*

*

*

0.07 (0.02–0.21)

0.92 (0.84–0.96)

0.82 (0.18–3.73)

1.01 (0.91–1.13)

0.04 (0.01–0.18)

0.91 (0.83–0.95)

0.41 (0.05–3.15)

1.06 (0.96–1.17)

Knee flexion

0.67 (0.21–0.94)

0.45 (0.36–0.54)

1.22 (0.54–2.75)

0.74 (0.15–3.71)

0.50 (0.33–0.67)

0.43 (0.33–0.53)

0.88 (0.59–1.31)

1.16 (0.75–1.79)

0.70 (0.51–0.84)

0.49 (0.39–0.60)

1.39 (1.01–1.92)

0.60 (0.32–1.11)

Knee extension

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Ankle dorsiflexion

0.33 (0.06–0.79)

0.68 (0.59–0.76)

1.05 (0.20–5.30)

0.98 (0.44–2.20)

0.40 (0.25–0.58)

0.71 (0.61–0.79)

1.38 (0.80–2.38)

0.85 (0.61–1.17)

0.26 (0.13–0.45)

0.66 (0.56–0.75)

0.77 (0.38–1.55)

1.12 (0.85–1.46)

Ankle plantarflexion

0.67 (0.21–0.94)

0.62 (0.53–0.70)

1.75 (0.76–4.03)

0.54 (0.11–2.68)

0.27 (0.14–0.44)

0.57 (0.46–0.67)

0.62 (0.33–1.18)

1.29 (0.97–1.71)

0.44 (0.27–0.63)

0.63 (0.52–0.72)

1.20 (0.73–1.98)

0.88 (0.61–1.28)

Ankle eversion

0.67 (0.21–0.94)

0.31 (0.23–0.40)

0.97 (0.43–2.17)

1.08 (0.21–5.46)

0.45 (0.27–0.65)

0.28 (0.19–0.38)

0.63 (0.39–1.01)

1.96 (1.17–3.26)

0.70 (0.51–0.84)

0.31 (0.23–0.42)

1.03 (0.77–1.36)

0.94 (0.49–1.82)

Big toe extension

*

*

*

*

0.33 (0.19–0.51)

0.83 (0.73–0.89)

1.91 (0.97–3.79)

0.81 (0.62–1.06)

0.15 (0.06–0.32)

0.76 (0.67–0.84)

0.63 (0.24–1.67)

1.11 (0.49–1.82)