Table 1 Study characteristics (divided into 3 sections according to study design)
Study design | Author, date and country of clinical setting | Participants: Start (S) n = Finish (F) n = Mean Age (A) and SD (range) years; Duration of Sh P (D) | Clinical diagnosis | Primary outcome measures | Follow up period | Loss to follow up (%) | PT treatment | Durat’nof PT course | No. of PT appoint-ments | Durat’n of PT appoint-ments | Proport’n attend-ing ≥ 1 session of PT (%) | Proport’n attending full PT course (%) | Compliance with home exercises (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controlled Trial (CT), 2 groups diff. @ start receive same PT | Aydogan 2003/2004 [24] Turkey | S:n = 48 F:n = NS A:60 ± 7 & 58 ± 10 (44–80) D:≥3 m | Adhesive Capsulitis | Pain, active and passive ROM, Constant Score | i) On completion of PT course at 4 wks, ii) 3 m after D/C | UTD | Home exs, Stretches (Home and physiotherapist applied), Pulsed ultrasound, TNS | 4w, 3 m HEP | 20 | UTD | UTD | UTD | UTD |
CT, 2 groups diff. @ start receive same PT | Kim 2004 [17] South Korea | S:n = 90 F:n = 81 A:PLJG 24(19–31),PFJG 25(18–29) D:PLJG 4 ± 4,PFJG 3 ± 4y | Posterior Inferior Instability | UCLA, ASES, ROWE, Pain | 6 m (range 4–7) | 10% | Supervised and home exercises | 6 m (range 4–7) | UTD | UTD | 100 | 90 | 70 |
RCT, 2 groups similar @ start receive different PT | Conroy 1998 [22] USA | S:n = 7 + 7, F:n = UTD A:51(17)&55(10) D:NS | Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (Primary) | Pain, AROM sh Fl, Abd, IR, ER & scap. plane El, pain, functional Ax | 1-3 d after completion of PT course at 3 wks | UTD | Supervised/HEP, advise, heat, massage, DTFs, soft tissue mobs, 1 group received "Maitland" mobs to sh. | 3 w | 9 | UTD, (Incl exs 45-60mins, hotpacks 15 mins) | UTD | 96 | 82 |
RCT, 2 groups similar at start receive different PT | Engebretsen 2010 [23] Norway | S:n = 104 F:n = 102; A:48 ± 11y D:3-6 m 33%, 6-12 m 29%, >12 m 39% | Sub-acromial Impingement Syndrome | SPADI; working/not working | 1 year | 10%-12% | 1) Advice and supervised exercises or 2) extracorporeal shockwave therapy. | Gp 1) ≤ 12 w Gp 2) 4–6 w | 1) Median 15 (IQR 11–16) 2) median 5 (IQR 4–6) | Gp 1) 45 m Gp 2) NS | ≥98 | 90-96 | UTD |
RCT, 3 gps similar @ start receive different PT | Tanaka 2010 [18] Japan | S:n = 120 F:n = 110 A:64 ± 9y D:<1 m 34%, <3 m 35%, <6 m 19%, <7 m 12% | Adhesive Capsulitis | Change in active range of shoulder abduction | When improvement in O/C plateaued > 1 m (mean 5.9 ± 1.3 m) | 8% | Manual therapy to the shoulder, home exercises | 5 ± 1 m | 3 groups i) >2× w ii) 1× w iii) < 1× w | 40 mins | UTD | UTD | 53 |
Cohort | Deutscher 2009 [31] Israel | S:n = NS, F:n = 5252 A:56 ± 15 D :0-21d 15% 22-90d 38% >90d 47% | NS | Functional Status using CAT [40] | On completion of PT course | ~61% of full pop'n | At PT's discretion: advice, US, heat/ice, DTF, home/sup'd/class exercises, electrotherapy, MT, sh jt or soft tissue mobs | 8 ± 6w | 9 ± 6 | 26 ± 8 mins | 95-100 | 98 | 70 good, 14 mod |
Cohort | Griggs 2000 [25] USA | S:n = 75, F:n = 71 A:53(35–76) D:9(1–47)m | Adhesive Capsulitis (idiopathic phase II, P & limited ROM) | DASH, SF-36, Pain, active and passive ROM and SST | At i) 6–12 ws ii) 22 (12–41)m | 4% at 22 m | Home exs, 68 (91%) patients participated in supervised exercise programme | UTD | NS | UTD | 91 | UTD | mean 2× of recomm-ended 5 × daily |
Cohort | Hung 2010 [20] Taiwan | S:n = 33 F:n = 32; A:20-33y, D:“improvers” 23 ± 18 m,“non improvers” 29 ± 15 m | Sub-acromial Impingement Syndrome | GROC | On completion of PT course at 6 wks | 3%, n = 1 | Exercises, manual therapy to shoulder & patient applied stretches | 6 wks | ≤12 | UTD | 97 | >80 | UTD |
Cohort | Kennedy 2006 [32] Canada | S:n = 361 F:289 A:50 ± 15 D: <4w 24%, 4-12w 25%, >12w 49%, missing 3% | Actively not sub-classified. Soft tissue, pain/dis-comfort, 8% post surgery. | DASH | Max 12 weeks or discharge from PT if earlier | 20% | UTD | ≤12 wks | Mean 15 (±9) | UTD | 100 | UTD | UTD |
Cohort | Mao 1997 [26] Taiwan | S:n = 18 → 12 F:n = 12 A:52(32–65) D:2-12 m | Adhesive Capsulitis | Range of movement (?active or passive) | After PT | UTD | Supervised and home exs, manual therapy to shoulder, electrotherapy | 4-6 wks | 2-3 × a week (8 to 18) | UTD | 100 | UTD | UTD |
Cohort | S:n = 80 F:n = 79 A:41 ± 13y D:511 ± 1503d | Mechanical Shoulder Pain | GROC, days off work 48 hrs after initial PT | 2nd or 3rd appointment over several days | <1% | MT to cervicothoracic spine and spinal mob'g exercises | <2 wks | 2 or 3 | Techniques <15 mins | 100 | 99 | UTD | |
Cohort | Ryall 2007 [16] UK | S:n = 165 F:132 A:15–44 29%, 45–54 33%, 55–64 38% | Actively not sub-classified | Pain | 1, 3, 6 & 12 months | 20% | Physio’s discretion | UTD | UTD | UTD | UTD | UTD | UTD |
Cohort | Sindhu 2012 [29] USA | S:n = 3362 F:n = 1946-1519 A:54 ± 16y D: <22d 19% 22-90d 32%,% < 90d 49% | Musculo-skeletal conditions of the shoulder | Functional status using CAT [40] & Pain | On discharge from PT | 43%-53% | UTD | UTD | UTD | UTD | UTD | UTD | NS |
Cohort | Tyler 2010 [28] USA | S:n = 22 F:n = 22 A:41 ± 13y D:5 ± 5 (1-24mo) | Posterior Impingement | Simple shoulder test | On discharge | 0% | MT to shoulder and home exercises | 7 ± 2 wks (3–12) | UTD | UTD | 100 | UTD | UTD |
Cohort | Virta 2009 [27] Norway | S:n = 97 F:n = 72 A:50, median 51 (24–80) D:1-36mo | Shoulder Impingement Syndrome | UCLA | UTD | 26% | Supervised and PT facilitated exercises and home exercises | Mean 8 wks | Mean 11 | 1 hr | UTD | 74 | UTD |
Cohort | Yang 2008 [19] Taiwan | S:n = 40 F:n = 34 A:54 ± 6(41–65)y D:6 ± 8 m (range 3–9 m) | Adhesive Capsulitis | FLEX-SF | 3 months | 15% | MT to shoulder, electrotherapy, supervised exes and PT app’d stretches | 3 mo | ~24, (2× w) | UTD | 100 | 85 | NA |