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Figure 4 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Figure 4

From: Staphylococcus aureus biofilms decrease osteoblast viability, inhibits osteogenic differentiation, and increases bone resorption in vitro

Figure 4

Biofilm-derived factors increase the expression of RANK-L and the RANK-L/OPG ratio in human osteoblasts. Relative gene expression of A) RANK-L, B) OPG, and C) the RANK-L/OPG ratio in osteoblasts exposed to BCM for 1, 3,7 and 14 days. Gene expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR, normalized to the internal control GAPDH, and presented as relative expression using the 2-ΔCT method. Bars represent averages ± standard deviation from three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a One-Way ANOVA analysis using a Bonferroni test to determine statistical differences between groups at each timepoint; * p< 0.01 versus control group.

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