Figure 2

Biofilm factors reduce viability and activate apoptosis in human osteoblasts. A) Viability in osteoblast expressed as ratio of fluorescence (495ex/515em) normalized to non-treated control group B) Total DNA recovered from osteoblasts following treatment with BCM, normalized to day 0 controls. Bars represent experimental averages of three independent experiments ± standard deviation. C) Representative flow-cytometry histograms measuring apoptosis in osteoblasts exposed to BCM for 24 hr by Annexin V staining and D) corresponding percentages of Annexin V positive cells from two independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a One-Way ANOVA with a Bonferroni test to determine statistical differences between groups; *p<0.01, ** p<0.001 versus controls.