Impact of age and comorbidity burden on mortality and major complications in older adults undergoing orthopaedic surgery: an analysis using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database

Table 3 Adjusted risk of adverse outcomes after surgery

	Inhospital death			Postoperative complications
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Age
≤ 64	Reference			Reference
65–79	2.58	1.36 – 4.89	0.004	1.22	1.09 – 1.36	0.001
≥ 80	5.88	2.93 – 11.8	<0.001	1.51	1.31 – 1.75	< 0.001
Sex
men	Reference			Reference
women	0.60	0.39 – 0.92	0.018	0.88	0.82 – 0.95	0.001
Charlson comorbidity index
0	Reference			Reference
1	1.60	0.89 – 2.87	0.116	2.42	2.17 – 2.71	< 0.001
2	6.58	3.99 – 10.8	<0.001	3.42	2.92 – 4.01	< 0.001
≥ 3	16.50	10 – 27.2	<0.001	5.06	4.2 – 6.1	< 0.001
Surgical procedure
Total knee arthroplasty	Reference			Reference
Cervical laminoplasty	2.15	1.23 – 3.77	0.008	1.02	0.81 – 1.28	0.865
Lumbar decompression	1.38	0.79 – 2.4	0.253	0.87	0.72 – 1.04	0.117
Lumbar arthrodesis	2.23	1.21 – 4.06	0.009	1.07	0.92 – 1.24	0.397