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Table 2 OM in women according to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare-related factors

From: Disparities in bone density measurement history and osteoporosis medication utilisation in Swiss women: results from the Swiss Health Survey 2007

Osteoporosis medication

Samplea

Population

 Proportion with OM

  Unadjusted model

  Adjusted modelb

HRT not included

N

%

(95% CI)

%

(95% CI)

crude OR

(95% CI)

adjusted OR

(95% CI)

Total

6,836

100.0%

 

7.8%

(7.0-8.6%)

    

Sociodemographic factors

         

Age group

   

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

40-49 years

1,645

29.3%

(27.8-30.8%)

1.5%

(0.9-2.5%)

0.27

(0.15-0.51)

0.22

(0.11-0.45)

50-59 years

1,586

25.3%

(23.9-26.7%)

5.1%

(3.9-6.8%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

60-69 years

1,667

21.5%

(20.3-22.7%)

9.2%

(7.7-11.0%)

1.87

(1.31-2.67)

1.93

(1.32-2.83)

70-79 years

1,258

15.4%

(14.4-16.4%)

17.7%

(15.1-20.6%)

3.96

(2.79-5.61)

4.07

(2.75-6.01)

≥80 years

680

8.6%

(7.9-9.4%)

15.5%

(12.4-19.2%)

3.38

(2.28-5.01)

3.53

(2.27-5.47)

mean age (years)

 

59.3

(58.9-59.7)

      

Nationality

   

p=0.7348

 

p=0.6753

 

p=0.6460

 

Swiss citizen

5,565

76.7%

(75.3-78.1%)

7.9%

(7.1-8.8%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Swiss dual citizen

721

10.0%

(9.2-10.9%)

6.8%

(5.0-9.4%)

0.85

(0.59-1.23)

1.09

(0.74-1.61)

others

548

13.3%

(12.0-14.6%)

7.5%

(5.0-11.0%)

0.94

(0.61-1.45)

1.28

(0.73-2.25)

unknown

2

        

Language region

   

p=0.0452

 

p=0.0774

 

p=0.1380

 

German

4,179

72.3%

(71.5-73.0%)

7.3%

(6.4-8.3%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

French

2,034

22.6%

(21.9-23.3%)

9.3%

(7.9-11.0%)

1.31

(1.03-1.65)

1.22

(0.94-1.59)

Italian

623

5.1%

(4.8-5.4%)

7.6%

(5.5-10.4%)

1.05

(0.72-1.52)

0.84

(0.57-1.25)

Region

   

p=0.0041

 

p=0.0067

 

p=0.0259

 

Lake Geneva

1,235

17.5%

(16.9-18.2%)

8.9%

(7.2-10.9%)

0.93

(0.68-1.28)

0.91

(0.64-1.30)

Midland

1,791

23.2%

(22.5-24.0%)

9.5%

(7.8-11.6%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

Northwest

762

14.8%

(14.3-15.4%)

9.0%

(7.0-11.6%)

0.95

(0.66-1.35)

0.97

(0.66-1.41)

Zurich

891

17.6%

(16.9-18.3%)

5.9%

(4.4-7.7%)

0.59

(0.41-0.86)

0.61

(0.41-0.92)

East

699

12.7%

(12.1-13.2%)

6.0%

(4.3-8.3%)

0.61

(0.40-0.92)

0.69

(0.44-1.06)

Central

842

9.3%

(8.9-9.7%)

5.2%

(3.6-7.5%)

0.52

(0.33-0.81)

0.52

(0.32-0.83)

Ticino

616

4.9%

(4.7-5.2%)

7.9%

(5.8-10.8%)

0.82

(0.55-1.24)

0.68

(0.44-1.06)

Residential area

   

p=0.2792

 

p=0.2796

 

p=0.3755

 

urban

4,814

74.7%

(73.5-75.9%)

8.0%

(7.2-9.0%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

rural

2,022

25.3%

(24.1-26.5%)

7.0%

(5.6-8.7%)

0.86

(0.66-1.13)

0.87

(0.65-1.18)

Socioeconomic factors

         

Education level

   

p=0.0038

 

p=0.0044

 

p=0.5559

 

compulsory

1,562

21.1%

(19.9-22.4%)

10.0%

(8.2-12.2%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

secondary

4,109

61.3%

(59.8-62.8%)

7.5%

(6.5-8.5%)

0.72

(0.56-0.93)

0.85

(0.62-1.17)

tertiary

1,161

17.6%

(16.5-18.8%)

5.9%

(4.6-7.7%)

0.57

(0.40-0.81)

0.94

(0.62-1.45)

unknown

4

        

Income per capita

   

p=0.9508

 

p=0.9579

 

p=0.8105

 

lower tertile

2,075

32.8%

(31.4-34.4%)

7.8%

(6.4-9.5%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

middle tertile

2,148

35.4%

(33.9-37.0%)

7.5%

(6.4-8.9%)

0.96

(0.72-1.28)

0.90

(0.67-1.23)

upper tertile

2,090

31.8%

(30.3-33.2%)

7.5%

(6.3-9.0%)

0.96

(0.72-1.29)

0.94

(0.67-1.32)

unknown

523

        

mean income (CHF per month)

 

3995

(3918-4072)

      

Hospitalisation insurance

   

p=0.0020

 

p=0.0026

 

p=0.0270

 

public

3,961

61.5%

(60.0-63.0%)

6.7%

(5.8-7.7%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

semiprivate

1,795

27.2%

(25.9-28.6%)

9.1%

(7.7-10.8%)

1.40

(1.10-1.79)

1.40

(1.07-1.84)

private

794

11.3%

(10.4-12.3%)

10.3%

(8.0-13.2%)

1.61

(1.17-2.22)

1.40

(0.98-1.98)

unknown

286

        

Healthcare-related factors and medication

         

Bone density measurement

   

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

no

4,670

73.8%

(72.5-75.1%)

2.2%

(1.8-2.8%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

yes

1,858

26.2%

(24.9-27.6%)

22.8%

(20.6-25.3%)

13.03

(10.03-16.92)

9.87

(7.37-13.22)

unknown

308

        

Number of doctor visits in the past 12 months

   

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

no visits

896

13.5%

(12.5-14.7%)

2.9%

(1.8-4.7%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

1 visit

1,333

21.6%

(20.3-22.9%)

3.8%

(2.8-5.2%)

1.31

(0.74-2.33)

1.78

(0.97-3.27)

2-6 visits

3,206

47.4%

(45.8-48.9%)

8.4%

(7.2-9.7%)

3.02

(1.83-5.01)

3.01

(1.75-5.16)

>6 visits

1,227

17.5%

(16.4-18.7%)

13.8%

(11.6-16.4%)

5.32

(3.16-8.94)

4.79

(2.74-8.39)

unknown

174

        

mean number of visits

 

4.7

(4.4-5.0)

      

Gynaecologist check-up in the last 12 months

   

p=0.3969

 

p=0.3971

 

p=0.0001

 

no

3,621

52.5%

(50.9-54.0%)

7.8%

(6.8-9.0%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

yes

3,017

47.5%

(46.0-49.1%)

7.2%

(6.2-8.3%)

0.91

(0.73-1.13)

1.61

(1.26-2.06)

unknown

198

        

Cancer screening (breast, colon) ever performed

   

p=0.0002

 

p=0.0002

 

p=0.4590

 

no

2,854

46.2%

(44.7-47.8%)

6.0%

(5.0-7.1%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

yes

3,740

53.8%

(52.2-55.3%)

9.0%

(8.0-10.1%)

1.56

(1.24-1.96)

1.10

(0.85-1.42)

unknown

242

        

Health-oriented lifestyle

   

p=0.3006

 

p=0.3019

 

p=0.2900

 

no

374

7.2%

(6.3-8.1%)

5.9%

(3.7-9.2%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

yes

4,796

92.8%

(91.9-93.7%)

7.5%

(6.7-8.4%)

1.30

(0.79-2.15)

1.36

(0.77-2.42)

unknown

1,666

        

Self-assessed health state

   

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

p=0.0000

 

(very) good

5,406

79.9%

(78.6-81.1%)

5.9%

(5.2-6.6%)

1.00

(ref.)

1.00

(ref.)

medium

1,080

15.2%

(14.2-16.3%)

14.6%

(12.1-17.4%)

2.74

(2.13-3.53)

2.02

(1.52-2.68)

(very) poor

347

4.9%

(4.3-5.6%)

17.4%

(12.3-24.2%)

3.40

(2.20-5.24)

2.89

(1.64-5.09)

unknown

3

        
  1. a respondents, unweighted data.
  2. b controlled for sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors (age, region, residential area, income, hospitalisation insurance type, and education level) except language region was not controlled for region because of collinearity.
  3. Taking prescribed OM in the last 7 days in women older than 40 years living in Switzerland according to sociodemographic, socioeconomic and healthcare-related factors (SHS 2007 data).