Osteoporosis medication | Samplea | Population |  Proportion with OM |   Unadjusted model |   Adjusted modelb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRT not included | N | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | crude OR | (95% CI) | adjusted OR | (95% CI) |
Total | 6,836 | 100.0% | Â | 7.8% | (7.0-8.6%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sociodemographic factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â |
40-49 years | 1,645 | 29.3% | (27.8-30.8%) | 1.5% | (0.9-2.5%) | 0.27 | (0.15-0.51) | 0.22 | (0.11-0.45) |
50-59 years | 1,586 | 25.3% | (23.9-26.7%) | 5.1% | (3.9-6.8%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
60-69 years | 1,667 | 21.5% | (20.3-22.7%) | 9.2% | (7.7-11.0%) | 1.87 | (1.31-2.67) | 1.93 | (1.32-2.83) |
70-79 years | 1,258 | 15.4% | (14.4-16.4%) | 17.7% | (15.1-20.6%) | 3.96 | (2.79-5.61) | 4.07 | (2.75-6.01) |
≥80 years | 680 | 8.6% | (7.9-9.4%) | 15.5% | (12.4-19.2%) | 3.38 | (2.28-5.01) | 3.53 | (2.27-5.47) |
mean age (years) | Â | 59.3 | (58.9-59.7) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Nationality | Â | Â | Â | p=0.7348 | Â | p=0.6753 | Â | p=0.6460 | Â |
Swiss citizen | 5,565 | 76.7% | (75.3-78.1%) | 7.9% | (7.1-8.8%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
Swiss dual citizen | 721 | 10.0% | (9.2-10.9%) | 6.8% | (5.0-9.4%) | 0.85 | (0.59-1.23) | 1.09 | (0.74-1.61) |
others | 548 | 13.3% | (12.0-14.6%) | 7.5% | (5.0-11.0%) | 0.94 | (0.61-1.45) | 1.28 | (0.73-2.25) |
unknown | 2 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Language region | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0452 | Â | p=0.0774 | Â | p=0.1380 | Â |
German | 4,179 | 72.3% | (71.5-73.0%) | 7.3% | (6.4-8.3%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
French | 2,034 | 22.6% | (21.9-23.3%) | 9.3% | (7.9-11.0%) | 1.31 | (1.03-1.65) | 1.22 | (0.94-1.59) |
Italian | 623 | 5.1% | (4.8-5.4%) | 7.6% | (5.5-10.4%) | 1.05 | (0.72-1.52) | 0.84 | (0.57-1.25) |
Region | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0041 | Â | p=0.0067 | Â | p=0.0259 | Â |
Lake Geneva | 1,235 | 17.5% | (16.9-18.2%) | 8.9% | (7.2-10.9%) | 0.93 | (0.68-1.28) | 0.91 | (0.64-1.30) |
Midland | 1,791 | 23.2% | (22.5-24.0%) | 9.5% | (7.8-11.6%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
Northwest | 762 | 14.8% | (14.3-15.4%) | 9.0% | (7.0-11.6%) | 0.95 | (0.66-1.35) | 0.97 | (0.66-1.41) |
Zurich | 891 | 17.6% | (16.9-18.3%) | 5.9% | (4.4-7.7%) | 0.59 | (0.41-0.86) | 0.61 | (0.41-0.92) |
East | 699 | 12.7% | (12.1-13.2%) | 6.0% | (4.3-8.3%) | 0.61 | (0.40-0.92) | 0.69 | (0.44-1.06) |
Central | 842 | 9.3% | (8.9-9.7%) | 5.2% | (3.6-7.5%) | 0.52 | (0.33-0.81) | 0.52 | (0.32-0.83) |
Ticino | 616 | 4.9% | (4.7-5.2%) | 7.9% | (5.8-10.8%) | 0.82 | (0.55-1.24) | 0.68 | (0.44-1.06) |
Residential area | Â | Â | Â | p=0.2792 | Â | p=0.2796 | Â | p=0.3755 | Â |
urban | 4,814 | 74.7% | (73.5-75.9%) | 8.0% | (7.2-9.0%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
rural | 2,022 | 25.3% | (24.1-26.5%) | 7.0% | (5.6-8.7%) | 0.86 | (0.66-1.13) | 0.87 | (0.65-1.18) |
Socioeconomic factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0038 | Â | p=0.0044 | Â | p=0.5559 | Â |
compulsory | 1,562 | 21.1% | (19.9-22.4%) | 10.0% | (8.2-12.2%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
secondary | 4,109 | 61.3% | (59.8-62.8%) | 7.5% | (6.5-8.5%) | 0.72 | (0.56-0.93) | 0.85 | (0.62-1.17) |
tertiary | 1,161 | 17.6% | (16.5-18.8%) | 5.9% | (4.6-7.7%) | 0.57 | (0.40-0.81) | 0.94 | (0.62-1.45) |
unknown | 4 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Income per capita | Â | Â | Â | p=0.9508 | Â | p=0.9579 | Â | p=0.8105 | Â |
lower tertile | 2,075 | 32.8% | (31.4-34.4%) | 7.8% | (6.4-9.5%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
middle tertile | 2,148 | 35.4% | (33.9-37.0%) | 7.5% | (6.4-8.9%) | 0.96 | (0.72-1.28) | 0.90 | (0.67-1.23) |
upper tertile | 2,090 | 31.8% | (30.3-33.2%) | 7.5% | (6.3-9.0%) | 0.96 | (0.72-1.29) | 0.94 | (0.67-1.32) |
unknown | 523 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
mean income (CHF per month) | Â | 3995 | (3918-4072) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hospitalisation insurance | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0020 | Â | p=0.0026 | Â | p=0.0270 | Â |
public | 3,961 | 61.5% | (60.0-63.0%) | 6.7% | (5.8-7.7%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
semiprivate | 1,795 | 27.2% | (25.9-28.6%) | 9.1% | (7.7-10.8%) | 1.40 | (1.10-1.79) | 1.40 | (1.07-1.84) |
private | 794 | 11.3% | (10.4-12.3%) | 10.3% | (8.0-13.2%) | 1.61 | (1.17-2.22) | 1.40 | (0.98-1.98) |
unknown | 286 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Healthcare-related factors and medication | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Bone density measurement | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â |
no | 4,670 | 73.8% | (72.5-75.1%) | 2.2% | (1.8-2.8%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
yes | 1,858 | 26.2% | (24.9-27.6%) | 22.8% | (20.6-25.3%) | 13.03 | (10.03-16.92) | 9.87 | (7.37-13.22) |
unknown | 308 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Number of doctor visits in the past 12 months | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â |
no visits | 896 | 13.5% | (12.5-14.7%) | 2.9% | (1.8-4.7%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
1 visit | 1,333 | 21.6% | (20.3-22.9%) | 3.8% | (2.8-5.2%) | 1.31 | (0.74-2.33) | 1.78 | (0.97-3.27) |
2-6 visits | 3,206 | 47.4% | (45.8-48.9%) | 8.4% | (7.2-9.7%) | 3.02 | (1.83-5.01) | 3.01 | (1.75-5.16) |
>6 visits | 1,227 | 17.5% | (16.4-18.7%) | 13.8% | (11.6-16.4%) | 5.32 | (3.16-8.94) | 4.79 | (2.74-8.39) |
unknown | 174 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
mean number of visits | Â | 4.7 | (4.4-5.0) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gynaecologist check-up in the last 12 months | Â | Â | Â | p=0.3969 | Â | p=0.3971 | Â | p=0.0001 | Â |
no | 3,621 | 52.5% | (50.9-54.0%) | 7.8% | (6.8-9.0%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
yes | 3,017 | 47.5% | (46.0-49.1%) | 7.2% | (6.2-8.3%) | 0.91 | (0.73-1.13) | 1.61 | (1.26-2.06) |
unknown | 198 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cancer screening (breast, colon) ever performed | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0002 | Â | p=0.0002 | Â | p=0.4590 | Â |
no | 2,854 | 46.2% | (44.7-47.8%) | 6.0% | (5.0-7.1%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
yes | 3,740 | 53.8% | (52.2-55.3%) | 9.0% | (8.0-10.1%) | 1.56 | (1.24-1.96) | 1.10 | (0.85-1.42) |
unknown | 242 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Health-oriented lifestyle | Â | Â | Â | p=0.3006 | Â | p=0.3019 | Â | p=0.2900 | Â |
no | 374 | 7.2% | (6.3-8.1%) | 5.9% | (3.7-9.2%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
yes | 4,796 | 92.8% | (91.9-93.7%) | 7.5% | (6.7-8.4%) | 1.30 | (0.79-2.15) | 1.36 | (0.77-2.42) |
unknown | 1,666 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Self-assessed health state | Â | Â | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â | p=0.0000 | Â |
(very) good | 5,406 | 79.9% | (78.6-81.1%) | 5.9% | (5.2-6.6%) | 1.00 | (ref.) | 1.00 | (ref.) |
medium | 1,080 | 15.2% | (14.2-16.3%) | 14.6% | (12.1-17.4%) | 2.74 | (2.13-3.53) | 2.02 | (1.52-2.68) |
(very) poor | 347 | 4.9% | (4.3-5.6%) | 17.4% | (12.3-24.2%) | 3.40 | (2.20-5.24) | 2.89 | (1.64-5.09) |
unknown | 3 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |