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Table 4 Top ten of most harmful (side effects) management strategies (0 = no harm; 10 = maximum harm)

From: The German fibromyalgia consumer reports – a cross-sectional survey

Side effects

Order

Management strategy

N; Mean harm (0-10)(SD) *

High harm (8-10)

N (%) *

1

Strong opioids

133; 5.4 (3.6)

49 (36.8)

2

Local cold therapy

367; 5.1 (4.1)

148 (40.3)

3

Anticonvulsants (Pregabalin, Gabapentin)

198; 5.0 (3.7)

69 (34.9)

4

Tramadol

365; 4.8 (3.6)

110 (30.1)

5

Transdermal opioids

115; 4.7 (3.8)

35 (30.4)

6

Duloxetine

192; 4.5 (3.7)

56 (29.2)

7

Amitriptyline

598; 4.5 (3.5)

157 (26.3)

8

Tramadol combined with paracetamol

82; 4.3(3.7)

20 (24.4)

9

Tilidine

262; 4.3 (3.5)

65 (24.8)

10

Whole body cold therapy

244; 4.1 (4.2)

79 (32.4)

  1. * Note: The discrepancies between the number of persons in the different rows are due to missing items.
  2. The ratings of side effects of all management strategies are available on request.