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Table 2 Comparison of facet contact forces under torsion between the present study and studies by Chen [[18]] and Shirari-Ad1 [[32]]. (unit: N)

From: Biomechanical comparison of unilateral and bilateral pedicle screws fixation for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion after decompressive surgery -- a finite element analysis

Left torsion

Loading conditions

L1-2

L2-3

L3-4

L4-5

Present study

10 N-m with 150 N preload

117

135

123

108

Chen’s

10 N-m with 150 N preload

121

157

161

155

Shirazi-Ad1’s study

10 N-m

107

123

117

78