Table 1 Outcome Measures

Disability*

Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) leg pain version (Roland and Morris 1983 [31]; Patrick et al. 1995 [32])

Yes

Yes

Yes

Pain Intensity*

Current, average and 'least' pain in last 2 weeks for both back and leg pain--numerical rating scales (Dunn et al. 2010 [38])

Yes

Yes

Yes

Employment*

Questions on employment status, work absence, sick certification and 'struggling at work'

Yes

Yes

Yes

Risk of poor outcome

STarT Back Tool (Hill et al. 2008 [27])

Yes

Yes

Yes

Leg Pain

Above/below the knee; and Sciatica Bothersomeness Index (SBI) (Grovle et al. 2010 [39])

Yes

Yes

Yes

Episode Duration

Current episode for each back and leg pain, plus time since 'pain free month' (Dunn and Croft 2006 [40])

Yes

_

_

Pain Location

Pain Manikin (Lacey et al. 2005 [41])

Yes

_

_

Illness Perceptions

Musculoskeletal Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R) Short-Form (adapted from Moss-Morris et al. 2002 [42])

Yes

Yes

Yes

Self-Efficacy

Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) (Nicholas 2007 [43])

Yes

Yes

Yes

General Health

SF-1 (Ware 2000); and EQ5D (EuroQol Group 1990 [44])

Yes

Yes

Yes

Change

Global Assessment of Change--single question

No

Yes

Yes

Productivity

Performance at work--single numerical rating scale

Yes

Yes

Yes

Health Care Utilisation

Health Care Utilisation Questions

No

Yes

Yes

Neuropathic Pain

S-LANSS (Bennett et al. 2005 [45])

Yes

Yes

Yes

Work Load

Measure of physical work load (adapted from Miranda et al. 2002 [10])

Yes

_

_

Co-morbidity

Co-morbid health conditions & symptoms

Yes

_

_

Pain Trajectory

Single question (based on Dunn et al. 2006 [40])

Yes

_

Yes

Anxiety and Depression

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond and Snaith 1983 [46])

Yes

_

Yes

Satisfaction with Care

Single question

_

Yes

_

Smoking

Self-report questions

Yes

_

_

Height/Weight

Measured at Clinic Assessment

Yes

_

_