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Table 2 Results of the torque removal tests are shown as mean values and standard deviations in Nmm.

From: Osseointegration and biocompatibility of different metal implants - a comparative experimental investigation in sheep

Type of screw

Removal Torque in Nmm

std. dev.

± in Nmm

N

PTST

270.9

87.3

9

TANNEW

259.9

100.1

9

CCZTC

246.6

96.9

9

CCTC

245.6

91.1

8

TANST

234.0

55.8

9

Steel

155.8

83.6

9

CC

130.1

45.8

7

  1. Note that Steel and cobalt-chrome have the lowest values compared to all other titanium or zirconium based implants. Statistically significant differences were found only for chrome cobalt compared to pure titanium screws (p = 0.031) (N = number of screws tested per group)