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Table 2 Pain drawing criteria according to diagnostic groups

From: Pain drawings in somatoform-functional pain

Frequently1)occuring drawings marks

Pain drawing criteria

Somatoform-functional pain (n = 62)

Somatic-nociceptive pain (n = 49)

P-value

1. Number of marked pain regions2)

9.7±7.4 (1–33)

1.6±1.0 (1–6)

<0.001

2. Total number of marks

13.5±11.8 (1–73)

2.1±1.4 (1–8)

<0.001

3. Number of different types of marks

2.6±1.3 (1–6)

1.3±0.6 (1–3)

<0.001

4. Number of affected quadrants

3.0±1.1 (1–4)

1.6±0.9 (1–4)

<0.001

5. Number of symmetric marks

6.9±7.5 (0–30)

0.4±0.9 (0–4)

<0.001

6. Number of “over the border” marks

1.4±2.5 (0–13)

0.4±0.9 (0–5)

0.010

7. Length of the longest mark, in mm

37.2±26.0 (2–105)

14.7±9.2 (3–40)

<0.001

8. Symmetric patterns yes, %

75.8

16.3

<0.001

9. Neck involved yes, %

74.2

4.1

<0.001

10. Circle mark yes, %

16.1

26.5

0.179

11. Point mark yes, %

37.1

4.1

<0.001

12. Long lines yes3), %

62.9

6.1

<0.001

13. Strict horizontal mark yes, %

25.8

2.0

<0.001

14. Hatching mark yes, %

38.7

14.3

0.004

Rarely 1) occurring drawing mark

15. Half-side pattern yes, %

9.7

0

0.033

16. Sternocleidomastoid involved yes, %

21.0

2.0

0.003

17. Periorbital pain yes, %

11.3

0

0.017

18. X marks yes, %

8.1

22.4

0.054

19. Potato mark yes, %

24.2

18.4

0.459

20. Right angle yes, %

14.5

0

0.004

21. Contour pain yes, %

19.4

0

0.001

22. Towing bar yes, %

8.1

0

0.065

23. Radiation hand yes, %

19.4

0

0.001

24. Ear crest yes,%

11.3

0

0.017

  1. 1) Marks referred to as “frequently occurring“ appeared in ≥ 25% of cases in one of the two groups. Marks referred to as “rarely occurring“ appeared in less than 25% of cases in both groups.
  2. 2) If the same pain region was repeatedly marked in the different views of the body diagram, it was counted once only under this item.
  3. 3) A mark was considered to be “long” if it exceeded the length of a forearm (≥ 18 mm) in the template.