Table 2 Comparison of ultrasonographic features and clinical characteristics in the early and late stages of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)
Ultrasound diagnosis of CMT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Early stage (56 cases) | Late stage (36 cases) | P value | ||
Location of SCM lesion | At middle and lower segments in all 56 cases | At middle and lower segments in 34 cases, and at upper and lower segments in 2 cases (dumbbell-shaped) | >0.05 | |
Boundary of SCM lesion | Clear in 52 cases and not clear in 4 cases | Diffuse without marked boundaries in 20 cases, clear in 16 cases | <0.05 | |
Ultrasound features | Change in SCM thickness | Thickening in all 56 cases | Thickening in 16 cases, thinning in 20 cases | <0.05 |
Echo signals from the affected SCM | Weak in 40 cases, uneven in 16 cases | Diffuse increase in 16 cases, cord-like hyperechoic signals in 16 cases, decrease in 4 cases | <0.05 | |
Blood supply in color Doppler | Spotty and cord-like blood flow signals in 36 cases, no marked blood flow signals in 20 cases | No marked blood flow signals in all 36 cases | <0.05 | |
Neck mass | Significant in 52 cases, not apparent in 4 cases | Neck masses in 8 cases, no neck masses in 28 cases | <0.05 | |
Clinical characteristics | Neck activity | Mild limitation in lateral bending to the affected side in 26 cases, marked rotational limitation in 8 cases, no marked limitation in 22 cases | Rotational limitation in 34 cases, mild limitation in lateral bending to the affected side in 2 cases | <0.05 |
Treatment | Rehabilitation in 48 cases, surgery in 8 cases | Surgery in 34 cases, rehabilitation in 2 cases | <0.05 | |
Pathology | Stromal proliferation and fibrosis in SCM in 8 cases | Stromal proliferation and fibrosis in SCM in 34 cases | <0.05 | |