Table 3 Comparison between HV and control groups for functional performance and muscle strength (mean ± SD)
From: Foot pain and functional limitation in healthy adults with hallux valgus: a cross-sectional study
| Â | HV group (n = 30) | Control group (n = 30) | Mean difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
Walking tests (sec) | |||
Timed 10m walk | 4.95±0.69 | 4.99±0.59 | −0.04 (−0.37 to 0.29) |
Stair ascent | 3.88±0.41 | 3.77±0.41 | 0.11 (−0.11 to 0.32) |
Stair descent | 3.58±0.45 | 3.46±0.44 | 0.12 (−0.11 to 0.35) |
Postural sway (COP range, cm) | |||
AP sway, both feet eyes open | 1.91±0.82 | 1.90±0.62 | 0.0 (−0.37 to 0.38) |
ML sway, both feet eyes open | 1.50±0.65 | 1.35±0.40 | 0.15 (−0.13 to 0.43) |
AP sway, both feet eyes closed | 2.13±1.4 | 2.08±0.97 | 0.05 (−0.58 to 0.68) |
ML sway, both feet eyes closed | 1.78±0.68 | 1.44±0.46 | 0.34 (0.04 to 0.63)* |
AP sway, foam eyes open | 3.06±1.2 | 2.78±0.82 | 0.28 (−0.26 to 0.82) |
ML sway, foam eyes open | 3.63±1.1 | 3.43±0.91 | 0.20 (−0.33 to 0.73) |
AP sway, foam eyes closed | 5.94±3.3 | 4.87±1.4 | 1.1 (−0.24 to 2.4) |
ML sway, foam eyes closed | 7.80±2.9 | 6.61±1.8 | 1.2 (−0.06 to 2.4) |
AP sway, single leg stance†| 3.44±1.2 | 2.97±0.85 | 0.47 (−0.07 to 1.0) |
ML sway, single leg stance†| 5.54±2.8 | 4.56±1.4 | 0.98 (−0.16 to 2.1) |
Muscle strength (N) | |||
Plantarflexion strength | 66.9±29.0 | 104.0±40.7 | −37.1 (−55.4 to −18.8)** |
Abduction strength | 9.9±7.7 | 19.7±13.9 | −9.8 (−15.6 to −4.0)** |