Table 2 Comparison between HV and control groups for self-reported foot pain, disability and concern about appearance (mean ± SD for all tests except FPDI presented as median (min – max))
From: Foot pain and functional limitation in healthy adults with hallux valgus: a cross-sectional study
| Â | HV group (n = 30) | Control group (n = 30) | Mean difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
FHSQ (score range 0 – 100) | |||
Foot pain scale | 76.8±18.5 | 94.9±6.2 | −18.1 (−25.3 to −11.0)** |
Foot function scale | 86.9±17.7 | 99.4±2.5 | −12.5 (−19.0 to −5.9)** |
Footwear scale | 28.1±23.1 | 75.5±25.4 | −47.5 (−60.0 to −34.9)** |
General foot health | 49.1±29.0 | 86.6±13.9 | −37.5 (−49.3 to −25.7)** |
VAS (0 – 100 mm) | |||
Worst pain VAS | 37.6±25.5 | 12.2±16.9 | 25.5 (14.3 to 36.6)** |
Average pain VAS | 15.4±15.1 | 3.2±6.9 | 12.3 (6.2 to 18.3)** |
Appearance VAS | 58.4±31.4 | 20.4±23.2 | 38.1 (23.8 to 52.3)** |
Pressure-pain threshold (kPa) | |||
Medial first MTPJ | 561.6±224.1 | 694.9±233.3 | −133.3 (−251.5 to −15.1)* |
Plantar first MTPJ | 448.7±196.8 | 539.5±231.5 | −90.8 (−201.8 to 20.3) |
Footwear examination (mm) | |||
Relative heel height | 15.2±11.8 | 16.2±12.3 | −0.96 (−7.3 to 5.4) |
Relative ball width†| 4.6±4.6 | 4.8±5.2 | −0.22 (−3.1 to 2.6) |
FPDI | Â | Â | Wilcoxon rank-sum Z |
Function (score range 0 – 20) | 2 (0 – 14) | 0 (0 – 5) | −4.88** |
Pain (score range 0 – 10) | 3 (0 – 8) | 0 (0 – 2) | −5.81** |
Total (score range 0 – 34) | 5.5 (0 – 24) | 0 (0 – 9) | −6.18** |