Figure 6

Modes of operation. For measuring adhesive strength in bone (a) or cartilage tissue (b), two cylinders were placed opposite to each other. For tissues and transplants a cylindrical indenter was placed opposing the inserted tissue (c) or transplant (d). The tip was coated with cyanoacrylate glue to facilitate a strong bonding between steel tip and inserted tissue or transplant after contact. After preparing the surfaces with the test adhesive, opposite sites were joined under defined initial load (e.g. 0.5 N). Once bonding time was reached opposite sites were separated with constant speed until rupture. This pulled the inserted tissue or transplants out of the “artificial defect”. (e) The progress of adhesive strength was recorded over time. The maximum bonding strength (τ_max) was determined and the mean value of the base line signal was subtracted. The bonding strength was calculated from difference between “no template control” (NTC) and sample value.