Table 2 Summary of main categories of movement pattern investigated in the included studies
From: Modifying patterns of movement in people with low back pain -does it help? A systematic review
Type of pattern | Author | Components of movement pattern assessed | Measurement details | Health outcomes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TA thickness | TA slide | TA + IO timing | LM thickness | Ratio muscle activitiy | FRR | Movement | Posture | Method of measurement | Characteristics of movement pattern measured | Pain | Activity limitation | |||
Muscle activation patterns | Specific muscle activity | Akbari 2008 Motor control vs general exercise | ✓ | ✓ | Ultrasound | Muscle size - thickness at rest (mm) | ✓ | |||||||
Hides 1996 & 2001 Motor control exercise vs medical treatment | ✓ | Ultrasound | Muscle size – cross sectional area (mm2) | ✓ | ||||||||||
Ferreira 2010 motor control exercise vs general ex vs spinal manipulative therapy | ✓ | Ultrasound | Muscle thickness -% change from resting thickness | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Marshall 2008 Swiss ball vs general exercise | ✓ | Surface EMG | Feed forward activation | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
O’Sullivan 1997 Motor control vs GP management | ✓ | Surface EMG | Internal Oblique and Rectus Abdominus electrical acitivity & ratio | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Vasseljen 2010, 2012 & Unsgaard-Tonsel 2010 Motor control (low load) vs motor control (high load) vs general exercise | ✓ | ✓ | Ultrasound | Size of muscle on contraction vs size of muscle at rest (ratio), Lateral slide (mm) | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Flexion relaxation response | Lalanne 2009 Manipulation vs manual therapy | ✓ | ✓ | Surface EMG and Optoelectronic recording | Angle and intensity of onset and cessation of electrical activity | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Mannion 1999 & 2001 Physiotherapy vs aerobics vs devices | ✓ | Surface EMG | Intensity, onset and cessation of electrical activity | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Marshall 2008 Swiss ball vs general exercise | ✓ | Surface EMG | Intensity, onset and cessation of electrical activity | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Ritvanen 2007 Traditional bone setting vs physiotherapy | ✓ | Surface EMG | Intensity, onset and cessation of electrical activity | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Movement patterns | Da Fonesca 2009 Pilates vs no Pilates control | ✓ | Force plate and treadmill | Gait related forces and rates | ✓ | |||||||||
Magnusson 2008 Postural biofeedback vs standardized rehab | ✓ | Triaxial computerised goniometer | Circumduction area and velocity | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Postural patterns | Haugstad 2006 & 2008 Mensendieck therapy vs standard gynaelogical treatment | ✓ | Visual observation | Posture, upper and lower limb movement, gait, sitting posture and respiration | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||