| |
RA patients (cases)
|
Non-RA patients (controls)
|
p valuea
|
|---|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|---|
|
Total no. of patients
|
46,030
|
100
|
46,030
|
100
|
–
|
|
Age (years)
| | | | | |
|
Mean (SD)
|
56.61 (14.79)
|
–
|
|
Median (IQR)
|
57 (19)
|
–
|
|
18–29
|
1780
|
3.87
|
1780
|
3.87
|
1
|
|
30–39
|
4119
|
8.95
|
4119
|
8.95
|
1
|
|
40–49
|
8064
|
17.52
|
8064
|
17.52
|
1
|
|
50–59
|
12,735
|
27.67
|
12,735
|
27.67
|
1
|
|
60–69
|
10,428
|
22.65
|
10,428
|
22.65
|
1
|
|
≥70
|
8904
|
19.34
|
8904
|
19.34
|
1
|
|
Medical conditions
|
|
Cardiovascular disease
|
8330
|
18.10
|
6489
|
14.10
|
<0.0001
|
|
Chronic lung disease
|
2470
|
5.37
|
1604
|
3.48
|
<0.0001
|
|
Diabetes
|
5284
|
11.48
|
5475
|
11.89
|
0.0501
|
|
Cancer
|
9152
|
19.88
|
9362
|
20.34
|
0.0842
|
|
HIV/AIDS
|
44
|
0.10
|
47
|
0.10
|
0.753
|
|
Transplant
|
926
|
2.01
|
421
|
0.91
|
<0.0001
|
|
Renal dysfunction
|
474
|
1.03
|
425
|
0.92
|
0.1005
|
|
Neurological disorders
|
3465
|
7.53
|
183
|
0.40
|
<0.0001
|
|
Depression
|
2555
|
5.55
|
2542
|
5.52
|
0.8514
|
|
Medications at baseline
|
|
DMARDs
|
6413
|
13.93
|
642
|
1.39
|
<0.0001
|
|
Biologics
|
3276
|
7.12
|
104
|
0.23
|
<0.0001
|
|
Influenza vaccination
|
3500
|
7.60
|
4667
|
10.14
|
<0.0001
|
|
High-dose corticosteroidsb
|
10,056
|
21.85
|
4990
|
10.84
|
<0.0001
|
|
Low-dose corticosteroidsb
|
7903
|
17.17
|
1182
|
2.57
|
<0.0001
|
|
Antibiotics
|
28,847
|
62.67
|
24545
|
53.32
|
<0.0001
|
|
Statins
|
7408
|
16.09
|
7908
|
17.18
|
<0.0001
|
|
RA patients who had received no active medication
|
|
No DMARDs, biologics or corticosteroidsc
|
25,894
|
56.25
|
NA
|
NA
|
–
|
|
Sex
| | | | | |
|
Male
|
15,230
|
33.09
|
15230
|
33.09
|
1
|
|
Female
|
30,800
|
66.91
|
30800
|
66.91
|
1
|
- Note: ap value of 1 indicates cases with matched controls; bPharmacy data were used to compute an average daily dose during a 6-month period prior to cohort entry. The average daily dose was unique for each individual course of corticosteroid therapy. ‘High dose’ referred to values that were greater than or equal to the average daily dose, while ‘low dose’ referred to values that were less than the average daily dose; cFrom 1 year prior to cohort entry until the end of the study; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.
