Table 6 Results of the mixed-effects ANOVAs for the qualitative moderator variables on the effect sizes obtained from measures of knowledge in the posttest
From: Preventive physiotherapy interventions for back care in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Cluster / Moderator variable | k | d + | 95% C. I. | ANOVA results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d l | d u | ||||
(A) Treatment characteristics: | |||||
Type of treatment: | Q B(2) = 1.08, p = .583 | ||||
Postural hygiene (PH) | 12 | 1.301 | 0.821 | 1.781 | R 2 = 0.0 |
PH + Physiotherapy exercise (PE) | 3 | 1.521 | 0.562 | 2.479 | Q W(13) = 359.20, p < .001 |
PH + Physical activity | 1 | 0.537 | −1.060 | 2.134 | |
Type of postural hygiene: | Q B(2) = 3.67, p = .159 | ||||
Acquisition of knowledge (AK) | 6 | 1.394 | 0.810 | 1.979 | R 2 = 0.251 |
AK + Posture training habits (PTH) | 8 | 1.432 | 0.954 | 1.911 | Q W(13) = 210.58, p < .001 |
AK + PTH + Stimulat. dynamic postures | 2 | 0.449 | −0.472 | 1.369 | |
Teaching method of postural hygiene: | Q B(1) = 0.18, p = .669 | ||||
Theoretical teaching (TT) | 6 | 1.407 | 0.736 | 2.077 | R 2 = 0.0 |
TT + Practical teaching | 10 | 1.225 | 0.730 | 1.720 | Q W(14) = 341.28, p < .001 |
External agents: | Q B(1) = 1.63, p = .201 | ||||
Yes | 10 | 1.119 | 0.694 | 1.545 | R 2 = 0.244 |
No | 6 | 1.592 | 1.005 | 2.178 | Q W(14) = 268.85, p < .001 |
Parents as paraprofessionals: | Q B(1) = 0.76, p = .384 | ||||
Parental involvement | 1 | 1.972 | 0.385 | 3.559 | R 2 = 0.003 |
No parental involvement | 15 | 1.244 | 0.842 | 1.647 | Q W(14) = 377.45, p < .001 |
Teachers as paraprofessionals: | Q B(1) = 6.77, p = .009 | ||||
Teacher involvement | 5 | 0.730 | 0.231 | 1.230 | R 2 = 0.497 |
No teacher involvement | 11 | 1.544 | 1.189 | 1.898 | Q W(14) = 173.17, p < .001 |
Mode of application: | Q B(2) = 11.15, p = .004 | ||||
Indirect intervention | 1 | 0.289 | −0.793 | 1.371 | R 2 = 0.481 |
Direct intervention | 12 | 1.578 | 1.234 | 1.923 | Q W(13) = 144.57, p < .001 |
Mixed intervention | 3 | 0.534 | −0.118 | 1.185 | |
(B) Methodological characteristics: | |||||
Type of control group: | Q B(1) = 1.65, p = .198 | ||||
Active control | 2 | 1.972 | 0.860 | 3.083 | R 2 = 0.028 |
Nonactive control | 14 | 1.194 | 0.783 | 1.605 | Q W(14) = 367.82, p < .001 |
Evaluator blinding: | Q B(1) = 0.35, p = .553 | ||||
Blinded evaluator | 10 | 1.372 | 0.902 | 1.841 | R 2 = 0.078 |
Not blinded evaluator (or not reported) | 6 | 1.133 | 0.503 | 1.764 | Q W(14) = 305.94, p < .001 |