African American patients with gout: efficacy and safety of febuxostat vs allopurinol

Table 1 Comparison of Baseline Demographics and Characteristics Between African American and Caucasian Subjects in the CONFIRMS Trial

Variable	African American N = 228	Caucasian N = 1,863	p value^a
Gender, n (%)
Male	204 (89.5)	1,768 (94.9)	< 0.001
Female	24 (10.5)	95 (5.1)
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	53.2 ± 10.45	53.0 ± 11.80	0.799
Body Mass Index (kg/m ² )
Mean ± SD	34.0 ± 7.47	32.8 ± 6.09	0.006
Alcohol Use, n (%)
Non-/Ex-drinker	88 (38.6)	563 (30.2)	0.010
Drinker (1-14 drinks/week)	140 (61.4)	1,300 (69.8)
Tobacco Use, n (%)
Non-/Ex-tobacco User	177 (77.6)	1,528 (82.0)	0.107
Tobacco User	51 (22.4)	335 (18.0)
Serum Urate (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	9.8 ± 1.24	9.5 ± 1.16	< 0.001
Years with Gout
Mean ± SD	10.4 ± 8.28	11.8 ± 9.49	0.030
Tophi Present, n (%)
No	169 (74.1)	1,482 (79.5)	0.058
Yes	59 (25.9)	381 (20.5)
Renal Function, ^b n (%)
Moderately Impaired	69 (30.3)	299 (16.0)	< 0.001
Mildly Impaired	109 (47.8)	884 (47.5)
Normal	50 (21.9)	680 (36.5)
Medical History, n (%)
Any cardiovascular disease	170 (74.6)	1,024 (55.0)	< 0.001
Hypertension	165 (72.4)	937 (50.3)	< 0.001
Coronary artery disease	25 (11.0)	161 (8.6)	0.245
Cardiac arrhythmia	19 (8.3)	202 (10.8)	0.245
Diabetes	57 (25.0)	229 (12.3)	< 0.001
Hypercholesterolemia	19 (8.3)	130 (7.0)	0.454
Hyperlipidemia	83 (36.4)	776 (41.7)	0.128
Use of low-dose aspirin (≤ 325 mg daily)	40 (17.5)	343 (18.4)	0.749

^a p values determined from analysis of variance model for age, body mass index, baseline serum urate, and years with gout, and by Fisher's exact test for all other variables.
^bModerate baseline renal impairment: estimated creatinine clearance (eCLcr) 30 to < 60 mL/min; mild baseline renal impairment: eCLcr 60 to < 90 mL/min; normal: eCLcr ≥ 90 mL/min.

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