Table 3 Statistical procedures of the reliability and validity studies
Author | Statistical analysis |
|---|---|
Stokes et al (1988) | • linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient ® |
Pearcy et al (1989) | • means; estimate of error, regression analysis and ICC |
Smidt et al (1992) | • Dunnett's comparison test |
Norton et al (1993) | • Pearson product moment correlation coefficient ® and repeated measures t test |
Drerup et al (1996) and Hackenberg et al (2003a and b) | • Root mean square (RMS) deviations of the surface curves from the radiographic curves |
Whittle et al (1997) | • ICC and Pearson correlation coefficient |
Normand et al (2002) | • means, SD, SEM, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) and mean differences |
Pazos et al (2005) | • multiway ANOVA |
Warren et al 2005 | • Pearson correlation coefficient and ICC |
Harrison et al (2007) and Janik et al (2007) | • error analyses of mean differences and SD |
Geldhof et al (2007) | • ICC for test-retest reliability |
Pazos et al (2007) | • bivariate ANOVA; typical error of measurement (TEM); 95% CI of the TEM; smallest detectable difference (SDD) and multivariate ANOVA |
Normand et al (2007) | • mean absolute values of differences within examiner and between examiner measurements; ANOVA; Shapiro-Wilk test and SEM for conservative and liberal ICC methods |