Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN), Orthoss® and Gravitational Platelet Separation - System (GPS®): An effective method of treatment for pathologic fractures of bone cysts in children

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

	Age	Sex	Cyst type *	Cyst Location	Cyst Size (mm)**	Acute Fracture	Prior treatment and Complication	Time to nail removal (month)	Follow-up (month)	Outcome Grade (Capanna)
1	10.4	f	JBC	Humerus proximal	47 × 12 × 14	+	-	7	41	2
2	11.8	f	ABC	Humerus proximal	39 × 19 × 15	-	ESIN + (Cerasorb^®) for 3.5 years, nail exchange twice, Valgus, Capanna 4	7	39	1
3	13.3	m	JBC	Humerus central	75 × 23 × 17	-	ESIN alone, 2.5 years, Capanna 4	12***	37	2
4	15.5	m	ABC	Femur distal	65 × 22 × 14	+	-	6	36	1
5	11.0	m	JBC	Humerus proximal	66 × 13 × 22	-	ESIN alone > 4 years, nail exchange three times, Capanna 3	12	34	1
6	9.9	m	JBC	Humerus central	57 × 20 × 19	+	-	5	32	1
7	12.5	f	JBC	Humerus proximal	40 × 27 × 15	+	-	11	31	1
8	15.3	f	ABC	Humerus proximal	50 × 23 × 23	-	ESIN alone, > 2.5 years, Capanna 4	7	30	1
9	14.0	m	ABC	Humerus proximal	62 × 24 × 20	+	-	8	28	1
10	9.3	m	JBC	Femur proximal	36 × 29 × 18	+	-	8	28	1
11	9.7	m	JBC	Humerus proximal	55 × 19 × 18	-	ESIN alone > 3 years, nail exchange once, Capanna 3	4.5	25	1
12	7.0	m	JBC	Humerus proximal	48 × 18 × 19	+	-	5	20	1

* JBC = Juvenile bone cyst; ABC = Aneurysmal bone cyst
** To estimate the size of the defects, every cyst was digitally measured from the plain X-rays in mm prior to operation: distal-proximal, medial-lateral and anterior-posterior.
*** One 14 year old boy wished a further GPS^® and Orthoss^® application at the age of 14 years because of a small residual cyst (6 ml) and complicated prior treatment with ESIN alone.

ISSN: 1471-2474