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Table 4 Linear regression analyses of the association between number of pain sites (NPS) and individual non-muscular symptoms

From: A strong association between non-musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal pain symptoms: results from a population study

 

Model II1

Model III2

Symptom

β

(95% CI)

R2

p-value

β

(95% CI)

R2

p-value

Palpitations

1.33

(1.14-1.52)

0.051

<0.001

0.22

(0.03-0.40)

0.001

0.020

Chest pain

1.76

(1.56-1.96)

0.078

<0.001

0.51

(0.31-0.72)

0.005

<0.001

Breathing difficulties

1.78

(1.58-1.98)

0.081

<0.001

0.53

(0.33-0.73)

0.005

<0.001

Heart burn

1.08

(0.91-1.25)

0.044

<0.001

0.20

(0.05-0.36)

0.001

0.12

Stomach discomfort

1.67

(1.49-1.85)

0.085

<0.001

0.51

(0.33-0.70)

0.006

<0.001

Diarrhea

1.10

(0.93-1.27)

0.043

<0.001

0.35

(0.20-0.51)

0.004

<0.001

Constipation

1.34

(1.10-1.57)

0.035

<0.001

0.43

(0.22-0.64)

0.003

<0.001

Eczema

0.93

(0.73-1.13)

0.024

<0.001

0.40

(0.22-0.57)

0.004

<0.001

Tiredness

1.52

(1.36-1.68)

0.093

<0.001

0.43

(0.28-0.59)

0.006

<0.001

Dizziness

1.86

(1.69-2.03)

0.120

<0.001

0.78

(0.61-0.95)

0.017

<0.001

Anxiety

1.63

(1.45-1.82)

0.080

<0.001

0.26

(0.05-0.47)

0.001

0.14

Depression

1.51

(1.35-1.68)

0.089

<0.001

0.31

(0.12-0.49)

0.002

0.001

Sleep problems

1.57

(1.41-1.72)

0.104

<0.001

0.74

(0.59-0.89)

0.019

<0.001

  1. β unstandardised regression coefficient; R 2 multiple correlation coefficient
  2. 1 Model II: Dependent variable: Number of pain sites (NPS). Independent variable: Individual non-muscular symptoms while controlling for age and gender
  3. 2 Model III: Dependent variable: Number of pain sites (NPS). Independent variable: individual non-muscular symptoms while controlling for the remaining 12 non-muscular symptoms in addition to age and gender