Table 1 Clinical outcomes used for measurement of treatment effect on muscle strategy, function and treatment modifiers

The craniocervical flexion test [50], measured with biopressure feedback transducer (range22-30 mmHg)

To test changed neuromuscular control of the neck

Neck joint position error test [51, 52], measured with a laser pointing at a target in cm

To test change in neck positioning sense

Gaze stability test [17, 53] measured positive when provoking symptoms as dizziness, nausea or changes in vision or an inability to maintain focus

To test change in head and eye coordination

Cervical range of movement [54], measured with an inclinometer in degrees

To test change of neck mobility

Mechanical allodynia [55–57] measured with Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) transducer in selected standardised tender points in different body regions

To test for potential treatment modifiers