Skip to main content

Table 4 Sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscle activities during bilateral arm elevation task: mean (sd)

From: Influence of pain location and hand dominance on scapular kinematics and EMG activities: an exploratory study

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Side

Humeral elevation angle (°)

Pain on dominant side (n = 9)

Pain on non-dominant side (n = 9)

Pain on both sides (n = 12)

Dominant side

30-60

13.23 (7.33)

15.73 (10.64)

19.35 (15.77)

 

60-90

17.1 (7.81)

18.98 (8.83)

24.26 (16.21)

 

90-120

24.83 (15.42)

32.4 (10.19)

33.76 (18.79)

 

120-90

27.62 (20.79)

24.35 (12.09)

23.28 (16.47)

 

90-60

23.04 (19.00)

20.81 (12.94)

19.25 (15.22)

 

60-30

15.62 (10.12)

14.87 (8.92)

15.55 (12.05)

Non-dominant side

30-60

19.11 (8.40)

19.09 (11.41)

15.07 (8.36)

 

60-90

23.36 (8.88)

26.49 (14.31)

19.44 (9.55)

 

90-120

29.21 (10.97)

38.68 (19.07)

30.62 (12.03)

 

120-90

21.09 (9.55)

24.79 (12.16)

20.13 (8.81)

 

90-60

16.67 (9.12)

19.87 (10.62)

16.03 (8.74)

 

60-30

13.87 (7.91)

14.54 (9.07)

12.33 (8.27)

Upper trapezius muscle

Side

Humeral elevation angle (°)

Pain on dominant side (n = 9)

Pain on non-dominant side (n = 9)

Pain on both sides (n = 12)

Dominant side

30-60

38.05 (19.72)

32.81 (12.94)

34.74 (14.53)

 

60-90

50.50 (10.86)

40.51 (17.85)

41.14 (14.09)

 

90-120

56.33 (11.27)

48.99 (14.37)

51.06 (14.59)

 

120-90

28.26 (7.24)

29.76 (9.56)

29.55 (8.36)

 

90-60

19.46 (10.69)

23.87 (10.27)

24.64 (8.08)

 

60-30

10.02 (9.01)

13.42 (6.86)

15.58 (7.66)

Non-dominant side

30-60

37.44 (17.86)

38.24 (12.05)

33.17 (10.59)

 

60-90

46.10 (8.14)

41.87 (16.88)

37.76 (10.63)

 

90-120

52.03 (7.97)

46.54 (13.66)

46.47 (8.68)

 

120-90

27.33 (8.74)

28.08 (9.98)

24.28 (6.62)

 

90-60

18.30 (10.81)

23.29 (9.94)

19.24 (7.91)

 

60-30

7.65 (6.99)

10.32 (8.23)

8.19 (5.79)