Table 7 Characteristics of studies investigating levels of cytokines in PBMC of FMS patients.
From: Systematic review with meta-analysis: cytokines in fibromyalgia syndrome
Author, yr. Diagnosis criteria | N patients/controls | a) Material b) Methods c) Investigated targets | Results | Modified CEBM level | NOS | W-MeQS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hader, 1991 Smythe | 12/10 | a) CD4+ T-lymphocytes from PBMC b) T-cell culture; stimulation experiments with mitogens c) IL-2 | FMS: higher concentration of mitogen was necessary to achieve optimal IL-2 secretion; peak time of IL-2 secretion was delayed. Addition of calcium did not correct the reduction in IL-2 secretion in patients with FMS; addition of phorbole myristate acetate led to normal IL-2 secretion. | 3d | 2 | 0.4 |
Barth, 1999 cite Wolfe, 1985 | 12 FMS/6 rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis controls/6 | a) supernatant of PBMC b) in vitro stimulation of PBMC with different L-tryptophan, contaminated L-tryptophan, peak E; self established double sandwich ELISA c) IL-4, IL-2, INF-γ, GM-CSF, IL-5, IL-10 | In vitro stimulation of PBMC with different L-tryptophan preparations: 6/12 FMS patients, 2/12 controls: IL-5 and IL-10 production | 3d | 4 | 0.1 |
Wallace, 2001 ACR | 56/56 | a) serum, PBMC b) ELISA c) IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, sIL-2 R, IL-1 RA, IFNγ, TNF | In FMS compared to controls: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, sIL-2 R, IFNγ, TNF: ↔ in sera + PBMC IL-1 RA, IL-8: ⇑ in sera IL-1 RA, IL-6: ⇑ in PBMC IL-6: ⇑ in PBMC of patients with disease duration > 2 years. | 3d | 3 | 0.5 |
Amel Kashipaz, 2003 ACR | 22 FMS/CFS/19 | a) PBMC b) intracellular cytokine stain; flow cytometry c) IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, TNF | In FMS compared to controls: IL-1α ↔ IL-6 ↔ IL-10 ↔ TNF ↔ | 3d | 2 | 0.7 |
Kaufmann, 2007 ACR | 22/15 CRPS/37 | a) T-cells b) FACS analysis c) IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 | No difference in percentage of cytokine producing cells between FMS and controls. | 3d | 2 | 0.6 |
Macedo, 2007 ACR | 18/22 | a) blood, PBMC b) automated biochip array; before and after 1.5 mg of dexamethasone per os c) IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF | After dexamethasone: reduction of cytokines FMS > controls. | 3d | 2 | 0.4 |
Ortega, 2010 ACR | 9/9 | a) PBMC b) ELISA c) IL-1b, TNF, IL-6, IL-10 | For all cytokines investigated: higher values at baseline in FMS compared to controls; after aquatic exercise levels as in controls. | 3d | 3 | 0.3 |