Table 5 Characteristics of studies investigating plasma levels of cytokines in FMS patients.
From: Systematic review with meta-analysis: cytokines in fibromyalgia syndrome
Author, yr. Diagnosis criteria | N patients/controls | a) Material b) Methods c) Investigated targets | Results | Modified CEBM level | NOS | W-MeQS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wallace, 2001 ACR | 56/56 | a) serum, PBMC, plasma b) ELISA c) IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, sIL-2R, IL-1RA, IFNγ, TNF | In FMS compared to controls: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, sIL-2R, IFNγ, TNF: ↔ in sera +PBMC IL-1RA: ⇑ in serum IL-8: ⇑ in plasma IL-1RA, IL-6: ⇑ in PBMC IL-6: ⇑ in PBMC of patients with disease duration > 2 years. | 3d | 3 | 0.5 |
Bazzichi, 2007 ACR | 285/40 (16 rheumatoid arthritis cases, two Sjögren's syndrome cases, 16 systemic lupus erythematosus cases, four systemic sclerosis cases, two undifferentiated connective- tissue disease cases)/100 | a) serum, plasma b) ELISA c) IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF | No intergroup difference for cytokines. | 3d | 3 | 0.2 |
Bazzichi, 2007 ACR | 80/45 | a) plasma b) ELISA c) IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF | IL-10, IL-8, TNF: FMS > controls | 3c | 3 | 0.9 |
Togo, 2008 ACR | 7/9 | a) plasma b) Beadlyte multi-cytokine assay c) IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1, TNF | No difference between groups. | 3d | 2 | 0.8 |
Zhang, 2008 ACR | 92/69 family members/62 anonymous blood samples from blood bank | a) plasma b) Cytokine Twenty-Five-Plex Antibody Bead Kit c) MCP-1, Eotaxin, IP-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, TNF, IFNα, IFNγ, GM-CSF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2R | Eotaxin and MIP: FMS > controls | 3d | 3 | 0.5 |
Feng, 2009 ACR | 100 FMS patients and family members/35 unaffected parents | a) plasma b) Cytokine Twenty-Five-Plex Antibody Bead Kit c) Eotaxin, MIP-1α, MCP-1, IP10, IL-12, IL-1β | Rare missense variants of the MEFV gene are associated with risk of FMS and are present in a subset of 15% of FMS patients. This subset had, on average, high levels of plasma IL-1b compared to FMS patients without rare variants, unaffected family members with or without rare variants, and unrelated controls of unknown genotype. | 3d | 3 | 0.4 |
Blanco, 2010 ACR | 79/59 | a) plasma b) sandwich enzyme immunoassay kits c) IL-8, TNF, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, MCP-1 | Patients with FMS have lower systemic levels of MCP-2 than controls. | 3d | 3 | 0.4 |