Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria | - Age 18 to 75 years - Non-acute LBP (> 6 weeks duration of symptoms) and less than 3 months of sick leave due to LBP - Two or more positive tests for impaired movement control (Luomajoki et al 2007) - At least 5 points on Roland Morris Disability questionnaire [54] - Clinical behaviour: posture and movement aggravate and ease symptoms; symptoms are relieved by reducing the strain on the lumbar region - Written informed consent |
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Exclusion criteria | - Specific LBP (Fractures, carcinoma, anomalies, nerve root affection with neurological signs e.g. sensitivity or reflex loss, muscle weakness, radicular pain below the knee) - Less than 6 weeks post-surgery following all surgery on the lower back - post-surgery with spondylodesis - high level of psychosocial risk factors (> 130 points on the ÖMPQ) - Peripheral or central neurological disease - Contraindications for exercise, e.g. major cardiovascular disease or postural hypotension - Inability to understand the purpose of the study - Psychological or psychiatric problems - Chronic abuse of toxic substances such as drugs or alcohol - Use of neuroleptics, sedatives, anti-epileptics and antidepressants |