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Table 1 Five distinct directional patterns of movement control impairment [72] (personal communication)
| Direction of movement control impairment | Pain aggravation | Pain relief | Movement control deficit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | Sustained flexion of lumbar spine, e.g. when sitting | Extension of lumbar spine, e.g. when standing and walking | Difficulty controlling lordosis in sitting and flexed positions |
| Active Extension | Sustained extension of lumbar spine | Flexion of lumbar spine, relaxing in flexed posture. Breathing exercises | Difficulty flexing when sitting or breathing with diaphragm |
| Passive extension | Extension of lumbar spine, e.g. when standing or walking slowly | Flexion of lumbar spine, e.g. while sitting | Tilting pelvis posteriorly |
| Frontal pain control | unilateral pain in unilateral loading and sidebending | Control pelvis and thorax in frontal plain | Maintain symmetric posture |
| Multidirectional pattern | Multidirectional | Changing lumbar spine position | Difficulty assuming neutral lordotic spinal positions |
