Table 3 Results of the methodological quality assessment*
| Â | Fulfilled validity criteria | Unfulfilled validity criteria | Incomplete information for validity assessment | Internal validity score | Methodological quality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Selection bias (1,2,3) | Performance bias (5) | Attrition bias (6,8) | Detection bias (4,7) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
MIS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lawlor et al. [31] | 1,2,3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | - | 7 | High |
Chimento et al. [4] | 1,2,3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | - | 7 | High |
Ogonda et al. [34] | 1,2,3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | - | 7 | High |
Kim [30] | 1,3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 2,8 | - | 6 | High |
Bennett et al. [22] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | 1,2 | 5 | Medium |
Chung et al. [23] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 1,2,8 | - | 5 | Medium |
Khan et al. [29] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 1,2,8 | - | 5 | Medium |
Dorr et al. [26] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | 1,2 | 5 | Medium |
Ciminiello et al. [24] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1,2,4,8 | - | 4 | Medium |
Dutka et al. [27] | 3 | - | 6 | 4,7 | 1,2,8 | 5 | 4 | Medium |
Hart et al. [28] | 3 | - | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | 1,2,5 | 4 | Medium |
Mazoochian et al. [37] | 3 | 5 | - | 4,7 | 8 | 1,2,6 | 4 | Medium |
Rittmeister & Peters [35] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1,2,4,8 | - | 4 | Medium |
Speranza et al. [36] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 4,8 | 1,2 | 4 | Medium |
DiGioia et al. [17] | 3 | 5 | - | 4,7 | 1,2,8 | 6 | 4 | Medium |
De Beer et al. [25] | 3 | - | 6 | 7 | 1,2,4,8 | 5 | 3 | Medium |
Levine et al. [32] | 3 | - | 6 | 7 | 1,2,4,5,8 | - | 3 | Medium |
Nakamura et al. [33] | 3 | - | 6 | 7 | 1,2,4,5,8 | - | 3 | Medium |
CAS | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Leenders et al. [16] | 1,2,3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | - | 7 | High |
Parratte & Argenson [40] | 1,2,3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | - | 7 | High |
Kalteis et al. [15] | 1,3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 8 | 2 | 6 | High |
Kalteis et al. [38] | 1,3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2,4 | 5 | Medium |
Sugano et al. [41] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4,7 | 1,2,8 | - | 5 | Medium |
Najarian et al. [39] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1,2,8 | 4 | 4 | Medium |
Wixson & MacDonald [18] | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1,2,8 | 4 | 4 | Medium |