N | % | Median (range) | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
Women | 63 | 56.8 | |
Age, years | 29.8 (18.1-69.2) | ||
Higher education (> 12 years) | 50 | 45.0 | |
Initial neck pain intensity, NRS-11 score (0 to 10) | 4.0 (1.0 - 9.0) | ||
Time accident - onset neck pain, hours | 0.5 (0.0-48.0) | ||
Pain maximum in upper neck (n = 105) | 41 | 39.0 | |
Post traumatic stress, IES score (0 to 75) | 19.0 (0.0-67.0) | ||
High expectation of recovery (vs. low) | 90 | 81.1 | |
Time accident - MRI, days | 5.0 (0.0-13.0) | ||
Accident-related factors | |||
Impact direction | |||
Rear-end collision | 69 | 62.2 | |
Front-end collision | 25 | 22.5 | |
Side impact collision | 10 | 9.0 | |
Other (e.g. roll-over, complex) | 7 | 6.3 | |
Head turned at impact (n = 93) | 29 | 31.2 | |
Head injury at accident | 13 | 11.7 | |
Seat belt used at impact | 105 | 94.6 | |
Head restraint present at impact (n = 107) | 94 | 87.9 | |
Airbag deployment at impact (n = 110) | 15 | 13.6 | |
Patient car speed at impact, km/h (n = 109) | 0.0 (0.0 - 75.0) | ||
Relative car speed* at impact, km/h (n = 84) | 45.0 (10.0-150.0) | ||
MRI ligament findings | |||
Grades 2-3 alar ligament changes† | 38 | 34.2 | |
Grades 2-3 transverse ligament changes† | 25 | 22.5 |