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Table 1 Prognostic indicators

From: The long-term effects of naprapathic manual therapy on back and neck pain - Results from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial

Prognostic indicators

Index Group (n = 206)

Control Group (n = 203)

Mean age (SD), years

46 (11)

48 (10)

Women, %

74

68

Location of the worst pain, %

  

Neck

56

61

Back

36

34

Neck and back

8

5

Duration of pain, %

  

<3 months

22

29

3-12 months

20

18

>12 months

58

54

Previous episodes of current pain in back and/or neck, %

88

85

Pain or trouble from five body regions or more, %

67

56*

Education, at least, %

  

1-9 years

13

11

10-12 years

34

34

13-16 years

45

47

>16 years

8

8

Depression, %

22

24

Sleeping problems, %

26

29

Daily smoking, %

15

13

Physical training medium high or high effort at least 20 minutes each time, %

  

Never

38

28*

1-2 times/week

21

33*

>3 times/week

41

39

Obesity, %

10

15

On sick leave now due to back/neck pain, %

3

5

Mean number of days absent from work the preceding 6 months (SD)

3 (17)

4 (20)

Physical demands at work, %

39

35

Job strain†, %

22

15

Bullying from superiors or workmates, %

13

14

Life events (> = 2) the preceding five years, %

81

75

  1. *Statistical significant difference between groups (p ≀ 0.05).
  2. † Swedish version of the demand-control-support model by Karasek-Theorell.