Table 1 Subjective and objective signs by category
From: Variability of indication criteria in knee and hip replacement: an observational study
SIGNS | JOINT | VARIABLES | STATUS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild | Moderate/Severe | |||
SUBJECTIVE SIGNS | Knee/Hip | Pain at rest | None Mild/occasional | Moderate Severe |
Pain while walking | None Mild/occasional | Moderate Severe | ||
Ambulating capacity | More than 100 meters and more than 15 minutes | Less than 100 meters and/or standing for less than 15 minutes. Cannot walk or stand | ||
Stairs climbing | Normal | With support of the banisters | ||
Limping | No limping Mild limping | Moderate limping Severe limping Wheelchair Confined to bed | ||
Knee | Getting up from a chair | Normal | With help | |
Knee/Hip | Need for walking aids/wheelchair | None Stick or crutches needs just for long distances | Most of the time, one or two crutches Zimmer frame Wheelchair | |
OBJECTIVE SIGNS | Knee | Muscle strength | Counteracts gravity but does not counteract resistance Counteracts gravity and resistance | Slight muscular contraction Potential muscular contraction but insufficient to counteract gravity |
Active extension | > 5° | ≤ 5° | ||
Degree of instability | ≤ 5° | > 5° | ||
Passive extension | > 10° | ≤ 10° | ||
Passive flexion | > 100° | ≤ 100° | ||
Hip | Flexion | > 60° | ≤ 60° | |
Abduction | > 10° | ≤ 10° | ||
Adduction | > 10° | ≤ 10° | ||
Extension | > 10° | ≤ 10° | ||
Internal rotation | > 10° | ≤ 10° | ||
External rotation | > 10° | ≤ 10° | ||
Trendelenburg | No | Yes | ||
Dysmetria | No | Yes | ||