Table 2 Mean (and standard deviation) of frst, second and minimum value between these vertical GRF peaks, braking and propulsion GRF peaks of control group (CG) and diabetic group (DG), during the stance phase in both condition group: barefoot and shod gait.
| Â | Â | Â | Â | ANOVA | Effect size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GRF (times bodyweight) | Condition | CG (n = 21) | DG (n = 24) | Group | Condition | Group × Condition | DG relative to CG (95% CI) | Shod relative to Barefoot (95% CI) |
First Vertical Peak | Shod | 1.09 ± 0.09 | 1.12 ± 0.07 | F = 1.29 | F = 22.42 | F = 0.11 | 0.030 (- 0.024 to 0.084) | 0.040 (0.004 to 0.075) |
|  | Barefoot | 1.04 ± 0.09 | 1.08 ± 0.06 | p = 0.262 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.742 | 0.040 (-0.011 to 0.091) |  |
Second Vertical Peak | Shod | 1.11 ± 0.07 | 1.05 ± 0.05 | F = 6.68 | F = 3.15 | F = 0.80 | - 0.060 (- 0.101 to - 0.019) | 0.0200 (-0.011 to 0.051) |
|  | Barefoot | 1.09 ± 0.07 | 1.04 ± 0.07 | p = 0.014 | p = 0.085 | p = 0.378 | - 0.050 (- 0.097 to - 0.003) |  |
Minimum value between peaks | Shod | 0.77 ± 0.07 | 0.76 ± 0.07 | F = 0.64 | F = 8.97 | F = 0.002 | - 0.010 (- 0.057 to 0.037) | -0.030(-0.061 to 0.001 |
|  | Barefoot | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.07 | p = 0.428 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.967 | 0.000 (- 0.051 to 0.051) |  |
Braking force | Shod | -0.142 ± 0.04 | -0.152 ± 0.05 | F = 0.02 | F = 14.58 | F = 2.81 | - 0.010 (- 0.040 to 0.020) | -0.020 (-0.032 to -0.008) |
|  | Barefoot | -0.131 ± 0.02 | -0.125 ± 0.04 | p = 0.873 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.103 | 0.006 (- 0.015 to 0.027) |  |
Propulsion force | Shod | 0.178 ± 0.02* | 0.168 ± 0.03 | F = 0.64 | F = 25.18 | F = 0.68 | - 0.010 (- 0.027 to 0.007) | 0.020 (0.011 to 0.029) |
|  | Barefoot | 0.155 ± 0.02* | 0.152 ± 0.03 | p = 0.428 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.412 | - 0.003 (- 0.020 to 0.014) |  |