From: Low back pain: what determines functional outcome at six months? An observational study
Type | Decision rules | Description | N (%) | Mean (95% CI) change in RMDQ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (N) | Modified Zung < 17 | No evidence of distress or abnormal illness behaviour | 151 (32) | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.1) |
At Risk (R) | Modified Zung 17 to 33 and MSPQ < 12 | Slightly higher scores than normal patients, largest difference in depressive symptomatology | 165 (35) | 3.8 (2.8 to 4.7) |
Distressed-depressive (DD) | Modified Zung > 33 | Clear elevation on all variables, particularly high scores on depressive symptomatology | 95 (20) | 4.4 (3.0 to 5.8) |
Distressed-Somatic (DS) | Modified Zung 17 to 33 and MSPQ ≥ 12 | Elevation on all variables, particularly high scores on somatic symptomatology | 60 (13) | 3.3 (1.7 to 4.9) |