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Table 2 Predictors of change in HRQOL (delta PCS and delta MCS) and GQOL (delta QOLS) in patients with hip fractures (n = 61) and controls (n = 61).

From: Two-year changes in quality of life in elderly patients with low-energy hip fractures. A case-control study

 

PCS

MCS

QOLS

 

Adj B

95% CI

p

Adj B

95% CI

p

Adj B

95% CI

p

Demographic

         

Age*

-1.0

(-1.9, -0.2)

0.015

0.05

(-1.1, 1.2)

0.926

-0.4

(-1.7, 0.9)

0.529

Male

-0.5

(-3.8, 2.9)

0.783

-2.4

(-7.0, 2.2)

0.310

-1.4

(-6.5, 3.7)

0.590

Female

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Living alone

-2.9

(-5.8, 0.0)

0.050

3.5

(-0.6, 7.5)

0.093

-0.1

(-4.6, 4.4)

0.968

Cohabiting

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Clinical

         

Hip patients

-5.8

(-8.7, -2.8)

< 0.001

-3.8

(-7.9, 0.3)

0.071

-1.7

(-6.1, 2.7)

0.447

Controls

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Osteopenia**

-0.8

(-4.3, 2.8)

0.671

-0.5

(-5.5, 4.5)

0.837

-3.2

(-8.8, 2.4)

0.265

Osteoporosis**

0.2

(-3.9, 4.3)

0.918

-2.1

(-7.9, 3.6)

0.461

1.4

(-4.7, 7.6)

0.649

Normal BMD

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

Co-morbidity

0.0

(-1.4, 1.4)

0.999

-2.2

(-4.1, -0.2)

0.029

-0.3

(-2.6, 2.0)

0.783

QOL

         

PCS incl.

-0.3

(-0.5, -0.2)

< 0.001

      

MCS incl.

   

-0.5

(-0.8, -0.3)

< 0.001

   

QOLS incl.

      

-0.2

(-0.5, 0.0)

0.049

R 2 adj

26.7%

  

21.5%

  

2.3%

  
  1. Adjusted unstandardized regression coefficients, 95% CI, and p values.
  2. p-values marked with bold indicate statistically significance. The demographic and clinical variables in column one are used in all three
  3. models, in addition PCS at inclusion is used in model one, MCS at inclusion in model two and QOLS at inclusion in model three
  4. * Age in five-year groups.
  5. ** Osteopenia/osteoporosis at total hip and/or spine L2-L4.
  6. BMD, bone mineral density; PCS, SF-36 physical component summary scale; MCS, SF-36 mental component summary scale
  7. (range 0-100, where 100 = high HRQOL); QOLS, Quality of Life Scale (16-112, where 112 = high GQOL).