Dietary patterns in Canadian men and women ages 25 and older: relationship to demographics, body mass index, and bone mineral density

Table 3 Regression Coefficients for Baseline Variables as Predictors of Dietary Factor Scores in Men and Women from Multivariate Model

Independent variables (Baseline)		Outcome variables (Year 2)
		Nutrient dense score^a		Energy dense score^a
		Men	Women	Men	Women
Age (10 years)		0.20 0.16, 0.23	0.15 0.13, 0.17	-0.15 -0.19, -0.12	-0.13 -0.15, -0.11
Education ^b	< 12 years	-0.24 -0.36, -0.13	-0.20 -0.27, -0.14	-0.01 -0.13, 0.12	0.05 -0.01, 0.11
	Post-secondary	0.30 0.19, 0.40	0.26 0.19, 0.33	-0.13 -0.24, -0.02	-0.09 -0.15, -0.02
Smoking ^c	Current	-0.27 -0.40, -0.13	-0.36 -0.44, -0.28	0.39 0.24, 0.53	0.25 0.17, 0.33
	Former	-0.02 -0.12, 0.08	0.02 -0.04, 0.08	0.13 0.02, 0.23	0.00 -0.06, 0.06
Alcohol ^d	Moderate	0.26 0.15, 0.36	0.21 0.15, 0.26	0.33 0.21, 0.44	0.12 0.06, 0.18
	High	0.14 -0.05, 0.32	0.14 0.02, 0.26	0.50 0.30, 0.69	0.27 0.15, 0.39
Activity ^e (2500 kcal/week)		0.05 0.03, 0.07	0.04 0.02, 0.06	0.03 0.01, 0.05	0.04 0.02, 0.06
Sedentary time ^f (hours/day)		0.00 -0.01, 0.02	-0.01 -0.02, 0.00	0.02 0.00, 0.03	0.02 0.01, 0.03
Milk consumption (250 mL/day)		0.03 0.00, 0.06	0.07 0.05, 0.09	0.03 0.00, 0.06	0.00 -0.02, 0.03
Calcium from supplements (500 mg/day)		0.06 -0.02, 0.14	0.03 0.00, 0.07	0.02 -0.06, 0.11	-0.03 -0.06, 0.00
Vitamin D from supplements (200 IU/day)		0.08 0.03, 0.13	0.03 0.00, 0.05	-0.04 -0.10, 0.01	-0.04 -0.06, -0.01

^a Outcome variables are unitless but standardized to have mean = 0 and SD = 1. Each individual's diet was characterized by both a nutrient dense score and an energy dense score. A positive regression coefficient for the nutrient dense score indicates category or increase in the independent variable is associated with a greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains relative to other foods. A positive regression coefficient for the energy dense scores indicates category or increase in the independent variable is associated with a greater consumption of chips/fries, processed meat, soft drinks, and certain desserts relative to other foods.
Reference or comparison category:
^b Reference category = high school diploma.
^c Reference category = never-smoker
^d Reference category = non-drinker,
^e Moderate, strenuous or vigorous activity
^f Total time spent sitting or sleeping
Confidence intervals not crossing 0 prior to rounding are indicated in bold type (equivalent to p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1471-2474