Characteristic | Men (N = 2850) | Women (N = 3387) | P-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ā | % | Mean | 95% CI | % | Mean | 95% CI | Ā |
Mean age | Ā | 50.8 | 50.2-51.3 | Ā | 52.9 | 52.4-53.4 | < 0.001 |
Years of education | Ā | 11.3 | 11.1-11.4 | Ā | 11.4 | 11.2-11.5 | 0.36 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Ā | 26.6 | 26.4-26.8 | Ā | 25.9 | 25.7-26.0 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | Ā | 97.7 | 97.3-98.2 | Ā | 88.4 | 87.9-88.9 | < 0.001 |
Insulin resistance1 (HOMA-IR, mean) | Ā | 2.8 | 2.5-3.1 | Ā | 2.3 | 2.1-2.4 | 0.001 |
Current smoking | 32 | Ā | 30-34 | 20 | Ā | 18-22 | < 0.001 |
Exercise (times/week) | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā |
. ā¤ 1 | 43 | Ā | 41-45 | 39 | Ā | 38-41 | Ā |
2-3 | 32 | Ā | 30-34 | 33 | Ā | 31-35 | Ā |
. ā„ 4 | 25 | Ā | 24-27 | 28 | Ā | 26-30 | 0.01 |
Metabolic syndrome2 | 30 | Ā | 28-32 | 31 | Ā | 29-33 | 0.56 |
Diabetes | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāāType 1 | 0.8 | Ā | 0.5-1.1 | 0.4 | Ā | 0.2-0.7 | Ā |
āāāType 2 | 5 | Ā | 4-6 | 5 | Ā | 4-6 | 0.24 |
High C-reactive protein (> 3 mg/L) | 16 | Ā | 14-17 | 18 | Ā | 16-19 | 0.03 |
Carotid intima-media thickness | Ā | 0.97 | 0.95-0.99 | Ā | 0.90 | 0.88-0.92 | < 0.001 |
Shoulder joint pain | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāāUnilateral3 | 9 | Ā | 8-11 | 10 | Ā | 8-12 | Ā |
āāāBilateral4 | 6 | Ā | 4-7 | 7 | Ā | 6-8 | 0.03 |
Chronic rotator cuff tendinitis5 | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā | Ā |
āāāPossible | 1.6 | Ā | 1.1-2.3 | 1.6 | Ā | 1.2-2.1 | 0.99 |
āāāProbable | 1.2 | Ā | 0.8-1.6 | 1.2 | Ā | 0.9-1.7 | 0.81 |