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Table 1 Background characteristics of the study subjects free of rheumatoid arthritis (N = 6,237), weighted proportion or mean and 95% confidence intervals, Health 2000 Survey, 2000-2001

From: Lifestyle and metabolic factors in relation to shoulder pain and rotator cuff tendinitis: A population-based study

Characteristic

Men (N = 2850)

Women (N = 3387)

P-value

Ā 

%

Mean

95% CI

%

Mean

95% CI

Ā 

Mean age

Ā 

50.8

50.2-51.3

Ā 

52.9

52.4-53.4

< 0.001

Years of education

Ā 

11.3

11.1-11.4

Ā 

11.4

11.2-11.5

0.36

Body mass index (kg/m2)

Ā 

26.6

26.4-26.8

Ā 

25.9

25.7-26.0

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

Ā 

97.7

97.3-98.2

Ā 

88.4

87.9-88.9

< 0.001

Insulin resistance1 (HOMA-IR, mean)

Ā 

2.8

2.5-3.1

Ā 

2.3

2.1-2.4

0.001

Current smoking

32

Ā 

30-34

20

Ā 

18-22

< 0.001

Exercise (times/week)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

. ā‰¤ 1

43

Ā 

41-45

39

Ā 

38-41

Ā 

2-3

32

Ā 

30-34

33

Ā 

31-35

Ā 

. ā‰„ 4

25

Ā 

24-27

28

Ā 

26-30

0.01

Metabolic syndrome2

30

Ā 

28-32

31

Ā 

29-33

0.56

Diabetes

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒType 1

0.8

Ā 

0.5-1.1

0.4

Ā 

0.2-0.7

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒType 2

5

Ā 

4-6

5

Ā 

4-6

0.24

High C-reactive protein (> 3 mg/L)

16

Ā 

14-17

18

Ā 

16-19

0.03

Carotid intima-media thickness

Ā 

0.97

0.95-0.99

Ā 

0.90

0.88-0.92

< 0.001

Shoulder joint pain

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒUnilateral3

9

Ā 

8-11

10

Ā 

8-12

Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒBilateral4

6

Ā 

4-7

7

Ā 

6-8

0.03

Chronic rotator cuff tendinitis5

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒPossible

1.6

Ā 

1.1-2.3

1.6

Ā 

1.2-2.1

0.99

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒProbable

1.2

Ā 

0.8-1.6

1.2

Ā 

0.9-1.7

0.81

  1. 1 HOMA-IR: Serum insulin pmol/l Ɨ glucose mmol/l/22.5
  2. 2 Three of the following criteria present: 1) Central obesity, defined as waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women; 2) triglycerides ā‰„ 1.7 mmol/l; 3) HDL < 1.0 mmol/l in men and < 1.3 mmol/l in women; 4) systolic blood pressure ā‰„ 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ā‰„ 85 mm Hg; and 5) fasting glucose ā‰„ 6.1 mmol/l.
  3. 3 Pain either in right or left shoulder during the preceding 30 days.
  4. 4 Pain in both shoulders during the preceding 30 days.
  5. 5 History of pain in the rotator cuff region lasting for at least 3 months, plus pain during the past month preceding the examination, moderately or slightly restricted movement in the shoulder joint, and pain in one or more active resisted movements (abduction, external rotation, internal rotation), or painful arc of shoulder abduction.