Table 2 Additional exercises.

A1a

Shoulder abduction in scapular plane (scaption)

Pinoband or dumbbell

Subject is standing with feet on the pinoband; subject performs 80° of scaption with elbows slightly flexed and external rotation of the shoulder (thumb up).

A1b

Shoulder flexion

Pinoband or dumbbell

Subject is standing with feet on the pinoband; subject performs 80° of shoulder flexion with elbows slightly flexed and external rotation of the shoulder (thumb up).

A2a

Shoulder press via flexion

Pinoband or dumbbell

Subject is sitting with back supported. Upper arms are in contact with the trunk, elbows are maximally flexed and hands in front of shoulders; subject performs full shoulder flexion and elbow extension.

A2b

Shoulder press via abduction

Pinoband

Subject is sitting with back supported. Upper arms are in contact with the trunk, elbows are maximally flexed and hands next to shoulders; subject performs full shoulder abduction and elbow extension.

A3

Horizontal abduction

Pinoband or pulley apparatus with 1 handle

Subject is sitting in front of pinoband attached in shoulder height, shoulders in 80° forward flexion and external rotation; subject performs horizontal shoulder abduction with nearly extended elbows.

A4

External rotation in supported 80° shoulder flexion

Pinoband or pulley apparatus with 1 handle

Subject is sitting with elbow supported on a table in 80° of shoulder flexion and 90° elbow flexion. Pinoband fixed on the table with other hand; subject performs 90° of external rotation.

A5

Internal rotation in supported 80° shoulder flexion

Pinoband or pulley apparatus with 1 handle

Subject is sitting with elbow supported with the other hand in 80° of shoulder flexion, pinoband fixed in waste height; subject performs 90° of internal rotation.

A6a

Shoulder protraction in kneeling push up position

Subject in kneeling push up position, hands underneath shoulders and knees behind hips; subject performs dynamic scapular protraction.

A6b

Shoulder protraction in push up position

Subject in push up position; subject performs dynamic scapular protraction.

A6c

Half way push up plus

Subject in push up position; subject performs a half way push up with a dynamic scapular protraction at the end of arm extension.

AM1

Internal rotation positioning

Subject is placing the hand on the buttock or lower back in a pain-free manner, supported by the other hand.

AP1

Pendulum exercises

Dumbbell or bottle

Subject is standing leaning on a chair or table with the good arm and bending forward at the waist. Relax the shoulder blade and let it drop. Subject performs relaxed forward-backward swings and circle swings using body motion.

AP2

Longitudinal shoulder traction

Pinoband

Subject is standing and slightly side bent with pinoband is wrapped around the wrist and fixed with the feet on the bottom with tension. Subject is relaxing the shoulder to allow for longitudinal traction.