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Table 2 Results for outcomes of sensory and motor functions in the EMLA and placebo groups.

From: Principles of brain plasticity in improving sensorimotor function of the knee and leg in healthy subjects: A double-blind randomized exploratory trial

 

EMLA group

Placebo group

EMLA vs. placebo

 

Before Mean (SE)

After Mean (SE)

Mean diff (95% CI)

(after minus before)

Before Mean (SE)

After Mean (SE)

Mean diff (95% CI)

(after minus before)

Mean diff (95% CI)

(EMLA minus placebo)

Sensory function

       

Vibration sense

11.46

13.11

1.65

10.61

10.96

0.35

1.29

med mall (Volt)

(0.99)

(1.27)

(-0.54, 3.82)

(0.84)

(0.69)

(-0.70, 1.41)

(-1.02, 3.59)

Vibration sense

19.64

21.25

1.61

16.57

17.75

1.18

0.43

med fem cond (Volt)

(1.71)

(1.48)

(-2.12, 5.33)

(1.34)

(1.30)

(-0.79, 3.15)

(-3.58, 4.44)

Knee kinesthesia

2.23

1.95

-0.28

1.88

1.48

-0.40

0.11

(degrees)

(0.38)

(0.45)

(-1.00, 0.43)

(0.19)

(0.11)

(-0.05, -0.73)

(-0.65, 0.86)

Perception of touch

0.04

0.04

p = 0.646

0.07

0.07

p = 0.125

p = 0.265 (before)

(grams)

(0.008, 0.22)

(0.008, 0.16)

 

(0.04, 0.4)

(0.02, 0.16)

 

p = 0.769 (after)

Motor function

       

One-leg hop (cm)

134.56

135.21

0.65

144.14

146.05

1.91

-1.25

 

(6.85)

(6.31)

(-3.17, 4.48)

(9.47)

(9.79)

(-3.47, 7.28)

(-7.53, 5.03)

Knee ext peak

246.81

239.62

-7.19

252.66

246.73

-5.93

-1.26

torque/body weight (Nm)

(9.90)

(11.10)

(-16.26, 1.89)

(10.40)

(12.89)

(-17.21, 5.35)

(-15.03, 12.52)

Knee flex ext peak

129.56

128.30

-1.26

134.66

136.54

1.88

-3.14

torque/body weight (Nm)

(7.43)

(7.41)

(-6.66, 4.15)

(7.24)

(7.88)

(-3.83, 7.59)

(-10.61, 4.34)

  1. Mean and standard error (SE) and mean difference (95% CI) (after minus before) for the tests of sensory function (vibration sense, kinesthesia) and motor function (one-leg hop test, knee extension and flexion peak torque/body weight) before and after treatment with EMLA/placebo, and mean difference (95% CI) (EMLA minus placebo) between the EMLA and placebo groups (t-test). Median (quartiles) and p-value (Wilcoxon singed rank test, Mann-Whitney test) given for perception of touch (ordinal data).
  2. Med mall = medial malleolus, Med fem cond = medial femoral condyle, Ext = extension, Flex = flexion