Analyzing musculoskeletal neck pain, measured as present pain and periods of pain, with three different regression models: a cohort study

Table 6 Developing pain: Markov transition models – analyses of a period of pain at one-year follow-up, for those without a period of pain at baseline.

Explanatory variables from baseline	Exposed cases	Simple model		Adjusted model			Proportion ratio
		Odds ratio	P-value	Odds ratio	P-value	95% CI
Women/men	86	3.0	< 0.001	3.1	< 0.0001	2.00; 4.82	2.5
Overweight	10	0.80	0.522				0.82
Breakfast regularly	103	0.81	0.423				0.84
Snuff use	5	-	-				-
Smoking	7	1.2	0.685				1.1
Physical activity		0.99	0.599				0.99
High work/study demands (ref: not too high)	62		0.126		0.296
Not affecting home life	48	1.4		1.4		0.913; 2.20	1.4
Affecting home life	16	1.5		1.1		0.596; 2.12	1.3
High home life demands	8	2.2	0.063	2.2	0.080	0.912; 5.07	1.9
Work/study time		1.0	0.889				1.0
Good relationship with superiors	116	0.67	0.280				0.72
Good relationship with colleagues	114	0.56	0.098	0.72	0.373	0.354; 1.48	0.62
Computer use pattern (ref: 0)	64		0.016		0.021
One 4 h period without a break	20	1.6		1.7		0.941; 2.94	1.5
At least two 4 h periods without a break	42	1.9		1.8		1.16; 2.89	1.7
Asthma	13	2.0	0.046	2.0	0.052	0.996; 3.91	1.7
Perceived stress	84	1.9	0.002	1.7	0.011	1.13; 2.63	1.7

All odds ratios are adjusted for gender (using men as the reference category). For the adjusted odds ratios both p-values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented. The total number of respondents varied between N = 267 – 326, because of incomplete data. Estimates were not calculated for explanatory variables with five or fewer exposed cases.

ISSN: 1471-2474