Waiting for total knee replacement surgery: factors associated with pain, stiffness, function and quality of life

Table 3 Associations between the study participants' characteristics and the WOMAC scores (n = 197)

WOMAC SCORE^†	β^‡	95% CI	p value
Pain score (r ² = 0.11)
Contralateral knee pain	- 7.65	- 14.56 – - 3.29	0.009*
Psychological distress	- 0.45	- 0.83 – - 0.07	0.020*
BMI^§	- 0.46	- 0.86 – - 0.05	0.026*
Stiffness score (r ² = 0.11)
Contralateral knee pain	- 10.07	- 16.60 – - 3.54	0.003*
Duration of symptoms	0.53	0.18 – 0.87	0.003*
Psychological distress	- 0.55	- 1.00 – - 0.11	0.015*
Function score (r ² = 0.22)
Contralateral knee pain	- 7.18	- 11.43 – - 2.93	0.001*
Psychological distress	- 0.53	- 0.82 – - 0.24	0.004*
BMI	- 0.42	- 0.72 – - 0.12	0.006*
Use of a walking aid	- 4.81	- 8.70 – - 0.94	0.015*

^† Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Age and gender were forced into all models.
^‡ Multivariate unstandardized linear regression coefficients. For each unit of the participants' characteristics, there is in average a β increase (+) or a decrease (-) on the WOMAC score. A positive β has a positive effect on the participants' condition and a negative β has a negative effect.
* p < 0.05
^§ BMI = Body mass index

ISSN: 1471-2474