Validity and reliability of the VOAA-DDD to assess spontaneous hand use with a video observation tool in children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy

Table 6 Mean percentages of each possible observed behaviour and mean percentage B-scores for both the muffin and the beads task in children with CP and in healthy children

	Healthy children, n = 56 non-dominant arm and hand				Children with CP, n = 20 affected arm and hand
Behaviour	Group 1 Muffin %	Group 1 Beads %	Group 2 Muffin %	Group 2 Beads %	Group 1 Muffin %	Group 1 Beads %	Group 2 Muffin %	Group 2 Beads %
Reaches	57	67	46	86	16	32	14	22
Grasps	96	100	98	100	51	90	58	78
Holds	96	100	98	100	51	90	56	78
Releases	93	99	98	100	50	90	53	75
Stabilizes	27	67	36	76	54	92	70	87
Puts on place	59	46	44	60	10	8	3	7
Shakes, pours	20	21	12	17	6	7	8	22
Pushes, pulls, shoves, strikes	14	65	12	82	13	28	14	72
Catches, carries	17	6	26	16	3	5	3	2
Manipulates	5	3	10	7	0	2	0	2
B-score *	95	100	98	100	51	90	55	77

* obtained from the muffin task or the beads task (basic Grasps, Holds and Releases observations)

ISSN: 1471-2474