Table 2 Crude and adjusted associations between baseline characteristics and neck pain (NPAD-d)
NPAD-da | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude linear regression model | Adjusted linear regression modelb | |||||
Baseline characteristics | regression coefficient | 95% confidence interval | p-value | regression coefficient | 95% confidence interval | p-value |
Socio-demographic variables | ||||||
Age 50 years or older | 2.25 | -1.22; 5.73 | 0.203 | 2.17 | -2.11; 6.45 | 0.320 |
Female | 1.48 | -2.70; 5.67 | 0.486 | 4.07 | -0.10; 8.10 | 0.051 |
Unemployed or retired | 1.58 | -2.00; 5.17 | 0.386 | 0.55 | -3.46; 4.56 | 0.787 |
Basic education (< 10 years at school) | 4.80 | 1.17; 8.43 | 0.010 | 2.38 | -1.54; 6.30 | 0.233 |
Living without partner | -3.87 | -7.91; 0.17 | 0.060 | -3.60 | -7.57; 0.38 | 0.076 |
Living with ≤ 2 persons in the same household | -2.12 | -5.71; 1.46 | 0.245 | -2.12 | -5.97; 1.63 | 0.263 |
Psychosocial characteristics | ||||||
Depression (HADS Depression subscale, 0–21) | 2.16 | 1.74; 2.57 | <0.001 | 1.52 | 0.87; 2.16 | <0.001 |
Anxiety (HADS Anxiety subscale, 0–21) | 1.87 | 1.48; 2.25 | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.36; 1.42 | 0.001 |
Deficits in social support | 5.19 | 1.56; 8.81 | 0.005 | -0.40 | -4.50; 3.69 | 0.847 |
Medical history | ||||||
Had injury of the cervical spine | 1.95 | -2.57; 6.47 | 0.397 | 2.06 | -2.02; 6.13 | 0.321 |
Health-promoting lifestyle | ||||||
Exercises once or less per week | 4.50 | 1.06; 7.94 | 0.011 | 0.95 | -2.41; 4.31 | 0.579 |