Table 3 Frequency of positive findings and the reliability of clinical examination items
Test | Frequency | Kappa (Standard error) | Test | Frequency | Kappa (Standard error) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MMT | PALPATION | ||||||
C4 | 0/31 | 0% | NA | Median, upper arm | 7/31 | 22.6% | 0.50 (0.18) |
C5 | 4/31 | 12.9% | 0.53 (0.18) | Median, wrist | 6/31 | 19.4% | 0.79 (0.18) |
C6 | 6/31 | 19.4% | 0.90 (0.18) | Radial, upper arm | 8/31 | 25.8% | 0.66 (0.18) |
C7 | 2/31 | 6.5% | 0.45 (0.15) | Radial, distal radius | 5/31 | 16.1% | 0.67 (0.18) |
C8 | 2/31 | 6.5% | 0.64 (0.17) | Radial, snuff box | 4/31 | 12.9% | 0.61 (0.18) |
T1 | 2/31 | 6.5% | 1.00 (0.18) | Ulnar, upper arm | 4/31 | 12.9% | 0.36 (0.16) |
Ulnar, cubital fossa | 5/31 | 16.1% | 0.59 (0.18) | ||||
SENSORY TESTING | |||||||
Dermatomal Non-dermatomal | 4/31 9/31 | 12.9% 29.0% | 0.53 (0.13) | ||||
Meta-analysis | Kappa (95% CI) | ||||||
ULNT | |||||||
ULNT MEDIAN(1) | 11/31 | 35.5% | 0.54 (0.18) | MMT | 0.68 (0.53, 0.83) | ||
ULNT MEDIAN(2a) | 11/31 | 35.5% | 0.46 (0.18) | ULNT | 0.45 (0.27, 0.63) | ||
ULNT RADIAL(2b) | 10/31 | 31.3% | 0.44 (0.18) | Palpation | 0.59 (0.46, 0.72) | ||
ULNT ULNAR(3) | 12/31 | 38.7% | 0.36 (0.18) | ||||